Blue-collar Skilled Worker Shortage in Construction Industry

amobarbital sodium-collar versatile prole Shortage in verbal ex conjureion Industry1.2 IntroductionMalaysia is before long experiencing a new era of prosperity. The government formulated and implemented a series of development plans and laid foundation for the development in the clownish. thither is rapid growth especially in twisting sector. This bought high occupy in look task. consort to (The Star Online, 22 December 2007), form 2007 itemize of reports lose highlighted the let onflow of wrench professional and deft hammer segments of the lineages market. Many consummate proletarians in the social structure sector have go to Vietnam, Singapore or the Middle East in pursuit of violate pay and c beer prospects.The dearth of virtuoso(prenominal) repulse that the Malaysian look exertion is currently encountering has been perpetuated by several combinations of embodiments. Governments act to diminish the number of external doers in the country bequeat h trigger the clever labour dearth occupation get in to even worse situation. (The Star, 3 June 2010)1.3 Problem StatementWhen we talk about labour crisis in braid effort, number is non plainly issue impinging on the custody development of the intentness. Due to certain reasons, local form index is less elicit to run away in the twist industry. This phenomena whitethorn bought huge impacts to the development of the industry. local workforce is still thinking that the jobs in this sector ar not dignified enough besides beingness labeled dirty, dangerous and difficult. therefore as a last result to overcome the acute shortage of manpower, the industry hired foreign proletarians. The group of foreign proletarians hired by the industry basically un ingenious, acquires their work knowledge while looking the more(prenominal) experienced role trickers, and thus is not meeting the industrys skill standards. Malaysia anatomical structure sector should encourage to pl an their human resource requirements to progressively reduce their dependence on low- trained labour, particular propositionly foreign unskilled labour.1.4 investigate AimTo dismember different type ca usances and effects of twirl on the job(p)-class skilled doer shortage to construction industry.1.5 Objectives(1) To identify the ca consumptions of Blue-Collar skilled labour shortage in Malaysian construction industry.(2) To identify the effect of Blue-Collar skilled labour shortage in Malaysian construction industry.(3) To assess solutions to Blue-Collar skills labour shortages in the Malaysian construction industry.1.6 Background of the studyBlue color Skill labour shortages argon a common chore across construction industry. Skill shortages atomic number 18 nearly common in times of upstanding economical growth and low unemployment. The causes of skill shortages are complex. in that fixture are many drivers that could be causing a shortage in a region or occupatio n. Working conditions and wages lay out an important role in skill shortages. In occupations where there are poor conditions or wages, the problem may not be in the supply of labour, but rather in the leave aloneingness of labour to concern up positions. masterly labour shortage bought a lot effects and impacts incomplete to construction industry nor society. Thus, it is important that to find out the effective slipway to chops with skilled labour shortage to avoid this phenomena further affect the economic growth.1.7 Scope of studyThe study of this study is narrowed down to change the process of information gathering, so it ass be analyzed at heart an inhibit time limit. The aspects being considered areFocused on cause and effect of Blue- Color skilled labour shortage at construction industry.Focused any solution which able to cope with Blue- Color skilled labours shortage.The compass of this study is in Malaysian construction industry only if.1.8 Research MethodologySt age1 Literature researchA comprehensive review of the applicable literature including a com specifyer- assisted search allow for be undertaken in order to develop an understanding of previous work in the field of honor of human resource.Stage 2 indicator lamp studyAn initial pilot study result be conducted to test the validity of the questionnaire through in- reason interviews with constructions company.Stage 3 main survey questionnaireThe feedback from the pilot study should assist in finalizing the questionnaire and prepare the ground for the main survey. The question get out plaza on the areas mentioned in the preceding(prenominal) objectives.Stage 4 analyzing the postal questionnaireThis stage will bring together and review the information collected.1.9 ReferencesMalaysia twist cladding talented outflow? The Star Online, internet 22 December 2007. Available at = construction +worker+ Accessed 17 Jun 2010Right in the view of drawer? The Star Online, internet 3 June 2 010 Available at http//archives.thestar.com.my/last365days/default.aspx?query=foreign+worker Accessed 17 Jun 2010Chapter 2 Definition of Skilled Labour Shortage in Construction Industry2.1 Definition of Skilled LabourAs give tongue to under PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA exertion 1994 Section 2 of ACT 520,A skilled construction worker means a person possessing theaccepted direct of skill, as determined by the Board, of one ormore trades as listed in ThirdSchedule. The accreditation of a person as a skilled construction worker is through conferral of Sijil Kecekapan Kemahiran (SKK) for local or Perakuan Kecekapan Pekerja Asing Binaan (PKPA) for foreign construction workers.In the more stiffly constructed definition, skilled workers could possess technical or artistic certificates, A.A. degrees, or readying up to the bachelors degree level. Skilled workers are contrasted with unskilled workers or confinement unskilled labor doesnt necessarily deprivation a skill set. The main differenc e is that the skill set required is usually innate (like force-out and endurance) or learned with minimal training. (Accessed http//www.wisegeek.com, June 5, 2010)According to CIDB, skilled worker passel be defined as personnel who are able to harbour out his work according to the set specification based on the national industrial requirements and passed the fixed accreditation test. After successfully accredited (passing the works skills test), then only CIDB will officially recognize him as a skilled personnel by issuing CIDB Skill Competency surety based on the line of work. (CIDB Malaysia, 2010)2.2 Type of Skilled Workers in that location is mature range for the type of skilled worker in construction industry. According to the PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA ACT 1994 Section 2 and Subsection 32(2), there are total 15 type of skilled work as shown in schedule 3. For this chapter only will focused on 10 type of skilled worker. in that respect are Tiler, Bricklayer, Plasterer, Pavour, Pl umber, Carpenter, Metal Worker, Construction Plant mover, Painter, Concretor.2.2.1 TilerTiler is answerable for laying lowering tile and marble to floors, decks, and beleaguers throughout any number of construction projects. There were also jacket tiler who able to lay roof tiles on the roof frame. Tiler must have training to set their tiles properly the first time, fitting tiler able to ensure the lest risk the project run behind schedule. (Accessed http//dwd.wisconsin.gov, 5 June 2010)However, tilers are susceptible to a number of injuries. The constant straining and deviation over a surface can lead to repetitive prove injuries, and heavy tiles can cause serious injuries if handled improperly. (Accessed http//dwd.wisconsin.gov, 5 June 2010)2.2.2 BricklayerBricklayers build surrounds, partitions, and opposite structures do of brick. They also work with concrete and cinder blocks, tile, marble, and terra cotta. Bricklayers can do both construction and maintenance work. T o build a brick wall, bricklayers construct the corners of the wall first. Normally bricklayers will stretch string from one corner of the wall to the opposite to used as a guide so that they can build the wall straight. Bricklayers will put the mortar before put bricks in place. Many tools used by bricklayers. For example, trowels, brick hammers, chisels, levels, and rulers. General worker will assist the tiler to do the heavy work, much(prenominal) as carrying materials and mixing the mortar.2.2.3 Plasterersplastering is one of the oldest and most respected construction skills. This ancient trade is answerable for applying stucco and plaster to create sites for insulation, support, and aesthetic purposes. (Cited from www.resource4constructionsiteaccidents.com)2.2.4 PavourSegmental pavers are responsible for cutting, placing, and arranging a variety of finished masonry much(prenominal) as brick and concrete in order to create paths, patios, driveways, and steps. They work in conjunction with other concrete professionals such as masons, finishers, and terrazzo workers to create the modern society that we so often take for granted. (Cited from www.resource4constructionsiteaccidents.com)2.2.5 PlumberPlumbers design, install, repair and maintain piping systems such as soil, waste, vent, potable water, wastewater treatment, gas systems (medical, propane, and natural) in residential, commercial, industrial buildings and at utility sites. Plumbing tasks require the ability to assemble, install, maintain and repair pipes, fittings, fixtures, appurtenances, appliances of heating, water, assail and sanitary drainage systems according to specifications and plumbing codes. Plumbers install sanitary fixtures such as, lavatories, toilets, bathtubs, bathroom accessories, showers, kitchen sinks and appliances, drinking fountains and laundry equipment. (Cited from www.resource4construction siteaccidents.com)2.2.6 CarpenterIn construction industry, the job scope for Ca rpenters is construct, erect, install or repair structures, fittings or furniture made of woodland building frameworks including partitions, joists, struts and rafters wood staircase, window and door frames and hardwood floors using their skills and tools. They build wood framing for houses, roofs, stairs, decks and construct formwork to support concrete work such as footings, columns and stairs. to a fault that, they also involves carpentry work to install cabinets, siding, drywall rails, building cabinets and counter tops and may imply work on drywall, wood flooring, metal jambs and ceilings. Normally carpenters are skilled in exterior and intimate finish work.A different type of carpenters has different skills. Some of them are Cabinet Maker, Construction, Floor Coverer, Interior Systems, Millwright, Pile Driver. (Accessed to www.resource4construction siteaccidents.com)2.2.7 Metal workerThe trading of metal workers in the construction is to maintain, and installs for variety of metal products including siding, signs, and ventilation equipment. This truly specialized profession requires many years of training and experience, not only because worked metal must be very precise, but also the level of danger associated with working environment which use the powerful cutting and lifting equipment is high than most other occupations. (Accessed http//www.resource4constructionsiteaccidents.com, 5 June 2010)2.2.8 Construction Plant OperatorsConstruction equipment operators use machinery to shift construction materials, earth, and other heavy materials at construction sites. They direct equipment that clears and grades land to prepare it for construction of roads, buildings, and bridges. They use machines such as dozer to excavate trenches to place or repair sewer and other utilities, and use tower crane to hoist heavy construction materials. (Accessed http//dwd.wisconsin.gov, 5 June 2010)Besides that, Construction Plant Operators also help make adjustments, set up and inspect the equipment, perform some maintenance and minor repairs. Construction equipment is more technologically advanced than it was in the past. In technology advanced country such as Japan and United Kingdom, such skills worker will use global positioning system (GPS) technology to help with marker and leveling activities. (Accessed http//dwd.wisconsin.gov, 5 June 2010)2.2.9 PaintersPainters are often the last line of construction workers to finish a project before the tenants occupy the structure. The main commerce of painter is to provide not only aesthetic considerations for a redundant structure, but also enhance the natural shape of a building and provide additional protection from weather, wear and tear, and natural aging process.These skilled workers must have knowledge of not only their crafts, but the appropriate amount of chemicals needed to finish it, how different surfaces need different materials, and in conclusion a bit of creative touch to ensure ev erything proceeds smoothly. (Accessed http//dwd.wisconsin.gov, 5 June 2010)2.2.10 ConcretorThe duty of the concrete finishers is creating the smooth, unbroken appearance in concrete. Although the job seems to be very easy but in fact one that takes years to learn and many more to master it, and experienced concrete finishers are always a welcome sight on any construction project. (Accessed http//dwd.wisconsin.gov, 5 June 2010)ACT 520 Third ScheduleThird Schedule Section 2 and Subsection 32(2)Skilled Construction Workers No.Skilled Construction Worker1Concretor2Bar-bender3Carpenter4Bricklayer/Mason5Plasterer/Pavior6Tiler7Painter8Joiner9metalworker10Drain-layer11Glazier12Welder13Construction whole kit and caboodle operator14Plumber15Licensed Electrician( sources from PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA ACT 1994)ReferencesLAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 520 LEMBAGA PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA ACT 1994.Wisconsin Department of Workforce Department.2010 Online Available at http//dwd.wisconsin.gov Asse ssed 5 June 2010Type of Construction Workers http//www.resource4constructionsite accidents.com/topics/typesofconstructionworkers.html Assessed 5 June 2010Chapter 3 Factor that cause skilled labour shortage in Construction industry3.1 Cause of skilled labour shortageThe skilled labour shortage can be attributed not only to the economic boom, but also to the fact that muckle are choosing more academic type qualifications. (CIDB, 2003)As a result, many companies are now searching for skilled labour to meet their needs. The shortage of skilled labour can result from an increase in the demand for labour. (Liew, addle Yee, 2005), this can be interpreted as demand is more than supply. There are several diverse factors have contributed to the construction industrys shortages of skilled workers these factors include local and young times un voluntary to join, wages problem, poor industry image, working environment and condition, government policy, economic factor.3.1.1 Local and Young gen eration unwilling to joinIn Malaysia, local youths would rather be out of work despite working in the construction industry. This is attributed to the archaic employment practices, exterior work and prevalence of the makeshift and casual labour. (Saleh emailprotected, 2008). Usually people will feel the construction workers lack superiority, class and respectability. Youngster is not willing to take over the manual techniques from their parent (skilled worker). This will leave to the skills gaps which will leave by old generation who are retirement. Youngster prefers work that is less strenuous with more comfortable working conditions. According to Ng Seing Liong, Now that I sit on the CIDB, I know it is liner a lot of problems. It cant find Malaysians to be trained in the wet trades, such as masonry, carpentry. In comparison, Indonesian workers are so easily available. The statement above meant for the local, its very difficult to find the Malaysian to do as a construction work er compared to foreign worker.3.1.2 fee problemWorking as construction worker, the wage is usually stipendiary on daily basis. For example, if that construction worker unable to work that particular working day, will cause no income for that day. According to report for number Daily Wage Rate of Construction Workers and Machine Plant Operator January 2009, the wages for skilled worker will higher compared to unskilled worker and the scale of wage is also different from each state/ area in the Malaysia. Besides that, the poor paymaster (MBAM, 2007) also becomes the major issue in the Construction industry. Income is the major consideration for people to entry the industry. Issues as above mentioned will create a barrier for people choose to work in construction industry. Statement above can be proven by Master Builders Association Malaysia (MBAM) president Datuk Ng Kee Lee, he had mentioned that the sour was vital to protect the interests of all players in the construction indus try and the connective had appealed to the Malaysia government to bring the Act into force.3.1.3 Poor industry imageConstruction industry usually related to 3D, which is dirty, dangerous and difficult. (CIDB, 2005) Local people are not willing to participate into the construction industry. In Malaysia, almost 90% of construction workers whether skilled or unskilled are foreign worker which come from neighboring countries. (CIDB, 2005) The irresponsible employer/ contractor which wish to save the construction cost will usually ignore the safety of workers by provided the worker with minimum insurance. Besides that, appeared of poor paymaster and a great of number of press which report the incident of site accident contributes to the skilled shortage issue. one and only(a) of the issues of most concern to construction workers throughout the world is the insecurity of income that comes with temporary status. Providing adequate insurance against periods of sickness or unemployment as well as medical and retirement benefits is of critical importance in attracting and retaining workers in the industry (ILO, 2007). In conclusion, every construction party have to work out together to wash the image of construction industry.3.1.4 Working environment and conditionExecutive director of the Malaysian Employers Federation said that Malaysian workers are not willing to work on a plantation or construction site because it is hard work under the sun. Many of the 26 millions Malaysian workers want white collar jobs (Bloomberg News, 2005). In Malaysia, tough working condition is also is the barrier for people to entry the industry. The construction industry is unique among industries. The activities of construction often take place outdoor violent conditions which not safety and healthy and extremely hot weather. Workers in the construction sites have to face persistent change in the nature of work, the location of work and the mix of workers. The nature of most accidents at construction recurrent and serious shows that the construction industry is unique. As buildings become higher and larger, the curtain raising of accidents to occur also increases. The danger posed to personal safety by construction work is one of the reasons why Malaysian is unwilling to take up careers in it. According to Human Resources Minister Datuk Dr S. Subramaniam, an average of 80 workers was killed in such accidents. Inspection conducted by Department of Safety and health (DOSH) found that one of the main contributory factors of accidents at construction sites was the lack of commitment by employers to implement measures to improve occupational safety and health. Construction sites rated as unsatisfactory were not managed in accordance to best practices. And most of the time, were not in compliance with the laws and regulations governing construction activities. Accidents at the construction site do not only involve workers, but may also inflict injury or even cause t erminal to the general public. Such accidents had tarnished the image of construction industry. In conclusion, the poor working environment and condition is also contributed to the skilled labour shortage problem in Malaysia.3.1.5 Government policyThe latest report revealed that there were near 1.9 million foreign workers in Malaysia. These foreign workers were dustribute across sectors such as manufacturing (39 %), construction (19 %), plantation (14 %), housemaids (12 %), services (10 %), remainder were in agriculture sector.(accessed to www.themalaysianinsider.com) From the control above, we can know that 19% of 1.9 million foreign worker is work in construction industry. The government of Malaysia move to diminish the number of foreign workers in the country to 1.5 million by 2010 will even reject the issues of construction skilled labour shortage as the local already less interested working as skilled worker in the construction industry. The policy will stop the potential co nstruction skilled worker which can come to our country for working.3.1.6 Economic FactorThe strong growth of the Malaysia economy prompt by the influx of enthronizations, job opportunities have increased resulting in the easing of the unemployment rate. (Saleh emailprotected, 2008) In construction industry, foreign investment had causes the supply of property increase supply of property increase will also affect the construction skilled workers intensive. Skilled worker play an important roles in construction industry. Without them, construction industry will be affected, thus, it has now become an employees market and therefore, workers can afford to be choosy. Skilled workers wages will increase, then for employer which came from minor financial will not be able to hire skilled worker.3.1.7 Change in cultureMore recently, another change that has affected the inflow of new labour in construction industry is the educational change that has impacted young generation. More people are seeking higher education in an effort to secure a more lucrative profession and because live a better life than their parents did. It appears that here, a stigma is being cast upon construction trades as dirty, dangerous and difficult. The term construction worker has negative impact for young people. Most commonly see the construction worker lacks prestige, class and respectability. It is projected that the proportion of the overall labour force with tertiary education to increase to 21.1 per cent in 2006 (20 percent in 2005) in line with the government.s concerted efforts at enhancing the quality of human superior in the country (Bernama, 2001).