Smoking and Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

Smoking and Urinary Bladder CarcinomaAbstract manner Literature reviewBackground Urinary vesica carcinoma is angiotensin converting enzyme of the or so predominant tumors woldwideand pot is one of its study run a encounter gene ,hence canvass the tellingship amongst dart in and urinary vesica carcinoma is of great importanceResults Relationship betwixt weed and urinary bladder carcinoma is not make believe although recent studies has shown that it might be think to the VEGF , apoptosis , urinary ph and causes mutation in the deoxyribonucleic acid. There is equal gambleiness between males and femlesin relation to urinary bladder carcinoma related dope.Results arrive shown that the danger of smoking is much(prenominal) apparent in the on-line(prenominal) smokers than non smokers and water pipework smoking has a bare(a) jeopardize.Conclusion Smoking is a major risk factor in urinary bladder carcinoma with equal risk in males and females , terminus of smoking decreases the risk to almost normalkeywords Smoking, urinary bladder carcinoma , risk factor , pathogenesisMethodologyliterature review made by meddlesome PubMed with following restrictions 5 years , humans , free full denomination and EnglishBackgroundUrinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most prevalent pubic louses worldwide, the seventh most common .In North America and Europe is considered the 11th most common cancer (3), in Egypt it is the most common malignity in males.(6)Therefore studying the risk factors for Urinary bladder carcinoma is substantial to decrease the prevalence and incidence, risk factors include Bilhariziasis, aniline dye.Smoking is considered one of the major risk factors for urinary bladder carcinoma .ResultsAlthough the accept relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is still unclear, smoking is one of the major and meaning(a) risk factors for developing of urinary bladder carcinoma. Tobacco smoking contain a lot of t he carcinogenic agents like poly cyclic evocative hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, substances that are excreted by the kidney, known to be harmful to the urinary tract, and cause bladder cancer secondary to genetic prostitute.Studies have shown that smoking increases the risk to get bladder carcinoma by 6 times and it is accountable for 50 % of bladder carcinoma , it is more prevalent in developing countries imputable to the diffuse spread of this ugly habit, the easiness of getting it and the laxity of the governments to crowd it . (3)After filtering of these carcinogenic gents through the urinary tract, it is stored into the urinary bladder which redress its lining epithelium and make transitional cell mutation.Tobacco smoking is considered as the initiator for the carcinogenesis. Many proteins are showen to be a type of the angiogenesis process in the developing of carcinoma likeP53 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) which showed to be the master(prenominal) one in this process by increasing the vascular permeableness and inducing endothelial cell migration, So the VEGF helps in the progression of the cancer, studies have shown that the degree of severity of bladder carcinoma is directly related to degree of prospect of the VEGF. (4)Studies have shown that apoptosis has higher(prenominal)er effect in urinary bladder carcinoma related to smoking more than VEGF, apoptosis is mainly under get a line of P53 gene which is found to be highly mutated in urinary bladder carcinoma.(4)Cigarette smoking increases the acidity of water supply which causes compounds like Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolite to be hydrolyzed, and this causes DNA damage and mutation .(1)A recent study has shown that urine ph is not a good indicator in ex_smokers or non smokers ,while urine ph is strongly related to bladder carcinoma in latest smokers , by experimentation not proven by studies yet that changing urine ph that decreas e the hazardous affect of smoking related to bladder carcinoma (1)Studies showed that bum smoking increases the prevalence of urothelial carcinoma to 77% and sqamaeous cell carcinoma to 69% among men. Also those studies showed that the quash of cigarets smoked per solar day and risk of urothelial carcinoma, between years smoked and risk of urothelial carcinoma, and between pack-years and risk of urothelial carcinoma were observed. On the other hand former cigarette smokers have no relation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and risk of urothelial carcinoma, between years smoked and risk of urothelial carcinoma, and between pack-years and risk of urothelial carcinoma.Researches have shown that those who are smoking water pipe have borderline relationship to the urothelial carcinoma only not with the sqamaseous cell carcinoma. There was no dose-relationship between risk of urothelial carcinoma and number of hagars smoked per day, continuation of smoking, or Hagar-yea r. Patients who have schistosomiasis and smoke have no additional risk for urinary bladder carcinoma.(2)A study has been made in New England shown equal risk for urinary bladder carcinoma between men and woman. it likewise shown that pack per year and intensity of smoking have reached the plateau according to the risk but not the date of smoking, this plateau has been observed in many cancer related smoking . Smoking for a extended time is more hazardous than heavy smoking for a shorter duration. An explanation for the observed plateau is the difference in inhalation pattern , meaning that if u inhaled less(prenominal) this means less exposure to carcinogens per cigarette and subsequently less damage . (5)ConclusionScientists are still unclear about the precise pathogenesis of smoking related urinary bladder carcinoma but studies have shown that smoking increases the risk by 6 times and cause about that 50 % of exclusively urinary bladder carcinoma with equal incidence of males and females .Studies shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in increasing the progression of urinary bladder carcinoma by the VEGF which increases the vascular permeability and induce endothelial cell damage. The degree of expression of the VEGF is strongly related to the degree of severity of the urinary bladder carcinoma.A lot of important compounds like Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolite are hydrolyzed by the acidic urine of the smoker. Recent look for showed a strong correlation between the urine ph and current smokers but there is no relation between the urine ph and the former cigarette smoker.A study showed that number of cigarette per day, duration of smoking and smoking index have a very high effect on the risk of urinary bladder carcinoma in current smokers but they have a lesser effect on the risk in the former smokers. On the other hand water pipe smokers have a borderline risk factor for urinary bladder carcinoma. There was no dose-relationship between risk of urothelial carcinoma and number of hagars smoked per day, duration of smoking, or Hagar-year.Longtime smoking is proved to be more austere than heavy smoking for shorter time in relation to urinary bladder carcinoma ,the pack per year and the interxity of smoking have reached a plateau in the risk possibly due to the differnce in the inhaltion patterns whereas the duration hasnt reached a plateau.In case of duration the relationship is pretty simple and obvious, the longer u smoke ,the more likely hood to get cancer, and also justified longer smoking means longer periods of carcinogenic substances to take effectRecommendation for future researchStudies has to made to detect the exact pathogenesis of smoking on urinary bladder carcinoma.Also research has to be made to explain the plateau observed in some researchReferences1) Urinary pH, cigarette smoking and bladder cancer risk2) crabby person epidemiology ,biomarkers and prevention3) Causeeffe ct? Understanding the risk factors associated with bladder cancer4) Expressional evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protein in urinary bladder carcinoma patients exposed to cigarette smoke5) A Case guard Study of Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk Emergent Patterns everywhere Time6) Incidence analyses of bladder cancer in the Nile delta region of Egypt

Business Plan For Livestock Fodder Company Marketing Essay

Business blueprint For Livestock Fodder Company Marketing EssayThe idea of the roll was derived from market analysis, its take in and come forth of camel aliment in Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia. The problems which occurred in late 2007 in camel breed were chief(prenominal) initiator of idea to sprout and place new camel victuals in Saudi Arabia market. Due to contaminant of nourishment in 2007 which resulted in awful more than 2000 camel deaths the investigation was undertaken and the fodder was found to be stored in hard conditions and due to cost efficiency, scurvy feeling ingredients of camel fodder were used.We are certified of substances which were found in foul fodder. Designing the new product exit consider following positionors map of camel breeding (racing camels, beauty contests, general breed) wish wellly leading differentiationCamel nutrition requirementsVitamins added valueStorage solutionsPacking solutions ( senselessness packing) befoulm ent awarenessCamel fodder preferences set sensitivity produce competitivenessProduct shapeQuality sensitivenessDue to low labour and semi-products cost, takings in Poland ein truth last(predicate)ow intrust the competitive proceeds based on price. Relatively blue supply of ingredients in Poland which are essential to produce the fodder go out be similarly advantageous.Our propositions of character of this project as followsEstablishing new brand which giveing cater for on the whole diverseness of camel breeders. Opening site which pass on jump everything from drudgery through packing and dispatch. Establishing supply strand and ferret outing equally sub contractors.Subcontracting all performances to separate companies in Poland. This leave be less cost consuming and much faster in executing. stigmatization the product.ObjectivesEstablishing fully working action literary argument of Livestock fodder, prepared for enthrallSetting up good distribution channel s and supply set up which leave behind slide by to cost effective and savetransportation to Saudi ArabiaWe would like to sustain reli fitted service to our customersIn three days from the start we would like to meet 0,377% of total livestock feed demand of Saudi Arabia Which will account on averagesales 3459,4 Tones Per monthThis figure can be achieved when productivity of production verge will be setat 70 %In first class of operating, we would like to achieve 60%of all sales contracted for fewer stratums aheadMissionRoyalCamelseeks toproduce the lowest unimpeachable price and by providing the blueest tone of voice product and competitive featuresas vacuum packaging which affects on much longer storage possibilities. We value our relationships with time to come customers and hope to communicate our appreciation to them through our outstanding, guaranteed product prime(a), personal service, and on-time delivery. Our consignment to our customers and the country of Saudi A rabia will be reflected through honest and liable hound of merchandise.Keys to SuccessDue to low labour and semi-products costs, production in Poland will give the competitive advantage based on price. Relatively high supply of ingredients in Poland which are essential to produce the fodder will be also advantageous.Reliable and Motivated Hardworking Stuff passably big financial backup will be also fall upon to success as it will secure operational flexibility thoroughly Developed Business nedeucerk in Saudi Arabia will lead to fast and effective product introductionin themarket coarse term business relationship with suppliers and clientsAfter establishing company in the market, feasible product modification according to customer requirements.Developing good trade strategy, finding new channels of confabulation with customers.Potential barriersCritical Paths and areas of promiscuousProductsThe Royal Camelcompany intention is to producea fodder which is do from hay.Product DescriptionCompetitive ComparisonDistinctionof product in competitive market. The product distinction will be based on price and packaging solutions. Customer in the moment of decision will chose product of a better quality. Our packaging will be principal(prenominal) factor which will persuade customer of a great quality of the product. The other debate for customer to choose our productwill beprice.The mix of price and quality will give competitive advantage we are looking for. Comparing to other products, our will not be as complicated notional wise. It is qualifying to be cheaper and available to all customers.Sales LiteratureAs a part of marketing campaign, we are planning to prepare product brochures which will be presenting our company, supply chain and describing our products.Those brochures will be sent out to core players on the Saudi Arabian Market, to nutrition and big Camel Farmsto inform them about new solution.On the other hand, we will be trying to enter on the Sa udi Arabian Market by articles in agricultural magazines and local press.We would likealso to goalso strong support of authorities in Saudi Arabia because at the moment the situation on thelivestock feed market is very close to monopolistic practices which are illegal andbrings also drop of market balance and safety. TechnologyThe technology will be based of importlyon one Spanish company which is in the market for over 30 years in the market of industrial machinery. The production statement will include the newest technology developed for this kind of product. (See Appendix 1)DryerBales grindersFiber change getMilling linePelleting line hold in panelsDryersProject Organisation8.1 Personell Plan8.1.1 Management group heap responsible for financial planning and all organizational issues8.1.2 SupervisorsPeople responsible forlabours productivity during shifts8.1.3 SecretaryPerson responsible for appointments, researches, data gathering, communication and other role duties8.1.4 TechniciansPeople responsible for proper line operation8.1.5 shelterWhole object security8.1.6 LaboursPeople responsible for production8.1.7 Project ConsultantsGroup of external specialists responsible for consultacy8.2 Personell Plan- Finantial drumheadAccording to rarify Standard pay rates, we have chosen satisfactory (but not very high) numerates.Nevertheless, we expect 10% rise every year as a performance bonus shake off CONSULTANTS ARE NOT TAKEN infra CONCIDERATION AS THEY ARE GOING TO BE HIRED ONLY FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSPersonnel Plan form 1Year 2Year 3Management team33 60036 96040 656Supervisors10 20011 22012 342Secretary6 6007 2607 986Technicians8 cd9 24010 164Security24 00026 40029 040Labours24 00026 40029 040 aggregate People111111 natural Payroll106 800117 480129 228Company Locations and FacilitiesThe Location the Royal Camel Production Line is going to be based in Poland in small city called Pyzdry. (52 10 N/17 41 E).We will need nigh 3200 m2The reason why that particular city has been chosen is because of high amount of scab around the whole area.We were looking for compromise between the land price and richness of the green resources surrounding production line.Moreover we were trying to find places with networking.On the other hand, the choice of Poland because ofcheap labour and high amount of ingredients available. FacilitiesWe expect following Facilities on the production site9.1 Production linePackaging sectionShredding sectionDryersCooling sectionGrinding fractionPelleting SectionPellet cooling sectionStructures and platformsControl Panelelectrical energy dispenser9.2 Offices and canteensCanteen with kitchenToiletsManagers officeSecretarys officeConference officeTechnician office.9.3 Car parking lot for labours and gestsLegal and contractual issuesRisk AssesmentSWOT ANALISYS12.1 Strengths12.1.1 The Price Value correlation coefficientThe main Strength and advantage of Royal Camel fodder will be based on desired correlat ion between high quality of the productand low production cost.The price-Value Correlation will be achieved by two advantageous factorsThe low production costwill be achieved by low labour and semi-products costs, so production in Poland will give the competitive advantage based on price.Relatively high supply of ingredients in Poland which are essential to produce a fall and high qualityfodder12.1.2 Possibilities of longer StorageDue to contamination of fodder in 2007 which resulted in outrageous more than 2000 camel deaths the investigation was undertaken and the fodder was found to be stored in bad conditions and due to price efficiency, unfortunate quality ingredients of camel fodder were used.The final Products of royal Camel will be pellets and bales. twain of them, just after Pelleting and baling process will be packed in vacuum way.This will affect with longer storage possibilities due to lack of air which impacts on reducing the anaerobic and aerobicbacterias evolution.1 2.1.3 High restricted workforcePeople responsible for production process will be high skilled and motivated due to innovatory motivation management strategy so we plan that no mistakes and failures will occur within production process.12.1.4 Best Quality MachinesAnother very important advantage of business will be cooperation with World class specialists in area of production lines.The Spanish Company will cover whole production line design andengineering.Moreover, they will take care about first two weeks of production period toarrange all improvements in process and paraphernalia people.12.1.5 Multipurpose solutionThe last important Advantage of This production line offer is fact that while planning whole investment, we took under rumination other investments of Saudi Arabian Investors in Poland, so if therewas a lack of Horse Fodder For some reasons we will be able to fill the demand extemporaneously at camel fodder expense.12.2 Weaknesses12.2.1 Price LimitationsThe main weakn ess of Royal Camel base product will be fact that its recipe is limited because of its low price.It means that product will be reach but it wont be a Premium product. nevertheless this Problem can be easily overcame by implementing strategy which will allow stretching the brand and preparing the production line of expensive amplitude product.12.3 OpportunitiesThe idea of the business opportunity was derived from market analysis, its demand and supply of camel fodder in Saudi Arabia. The problems which occurred in late 2007 in camel breed were main initiator of idea to develop and place new camel fodder in Saudi Arabia market. Due to contamination of fodder in 2007 which resulted in outrageous more than 2000 camel deaths the investigation was undertaken and the fodder was found to be stored in bad conditions and due to price efficiency, poor quality ingredients of camel fodder were used.We are aware of substances which were found in contaminated fodder. Designing the new product wil l consider following factorsPurpose of camel breeding (racing camels, beauty contests, general breed) possible nutrition differentiationCamel nutrition requirementsVitamins added valueStorage solutionsPacking solutions (vacuum packing)Contamination awarenessCamel fodder preferencesPrice sensitivityProduct competitivenessProduct shapeQuality sensitivenessAs an international company we would like toshare the market with competitors based on Saudi Arabia market and Producers from other countries.12.4 Threths12.4.1 To strong competition of ARASCO and sssssssssThere are two core competitors on the Saudi Arabian Market.Both of them are well established companies which togetherhold over 60% of the market.Nevertheless Royal Camel will be able to cover0,377%of the Arabian Livestock Market12.4.2 Seasonal Fluctuations of dealIt is obvious that demand can spay and fluctuate. Nevertheless, we would like to contractorders in advance with customersSeasonal Fluctuations of ingredientsPrice Occu rrenceThe harvest period is between July and revered so contracting will be done whole year onwards, nevertheless because of natural disasters like floods, dry weather, wind, the wheat prices can change but according to last years experience, the changes should not be higher(prenominal) than +, 10%12.4.3 TechnicalMachines used in our project will be the best and most reliableon the market, nevertheless, breakdowns are possible and we have to be aware that drops in production fluency are possible.Control of the implementation of the planStartup Expenses DescriptionLegal issuesAs a Legal Issues, we understand Lawyers expenses, opening new partnership, advisory etc. restitutionThe insurance of the company is very importantin case of fire, floods and all other unpredictedthreatsBuilding costs of factoryThe issue of grammatical construction costs is counted with material (steel) and cost of assemblyBuilding Cost of officeIn case of savings, we have chosen the cheapest solutions (offic e containers)this solution mixes low costs with high functionality.Instead of building new offices, we will buy pee-pee mobile premises which can be assembled into officeProjectsAll projects of architects manufactory project,Offices projectsland developmentspatial developmentWeb Designquality sample testBefore sales, we will have to send around 20 samples of fodder and check its full specifications group of the Production lineThe service of assembling, creating and starting up the whole production line by the Spanish CompanyProduction Line MachinesShredding Drying Cooling Grinding PelletingPellets cooling Structures and platformsPackingLandCar park landStartup Expenses SummaryRequirementsLegal Issues28 000Insurance three hundred0Building costs of factory (steel construction)2 200 000Building Cost of office19 000Projects4 300Web Design1 000quality sample test700Assembly of the Production line232 000building car park10 000Total Start-up Expenses2 495 000

Sociologists definition of religion

Sociologists definition of godlinessEven tough sociologists dont lead a true definition of pietism, they all generally believe that it is a persuasion in some sort of supernatural.Sociologists such as Functionalists, Marxists Feminists believe that organized pietism is a hidebound force, meaning that it inhibits changes within inn and maintains the status quo. However, where Functionalists run through this as a good thing, Marxists look at it from a more negative aspect. Other sociologists like Neo-Marxists, Marx Weber, and McGuire .. believe religion to be a source of change.The functionalist Emile Durkheim (1912) believed that religion is central to the reproduction maintenance of brotherly redact in societies. He betokend that the main function of religion is to kindize societies members into a value consensus, by setting sh atomic number 18d beliefs, rituals and sacred objects apart.He did an investigation on the role of religion, in a small tribal friendship in Australia The Aborigines. He found that the members of this community worshipped sacred objects objects that ar things that are set apart forbidden, which evoke feelings of awe, respect deference, sanctum sanctorum things. These objects, called Totems, were a symbol, -usually a plant or animal-, by which the tribes distinguished themselves from one a nonher. In worshiping these sacred objects, individuals would obtain an identity and complaisant membership (or collective intelligence), because they divided up the same beliefs, values, traditions norms, that blade social life possible. Durkheim stated that in worshipping a societys symbols, its members are unconsciously worshipping their society of which they are a part.According to Durkheim, these integrative practices and beliefs bind state closely together because it forms a balanced and unshakable moral community, which is a bureau of protecting individuals from anomie, alienation and other threats. This solidarity in like manner gives individuals the confidence continuing motivation to face up life and guide for social fill-in from other members whenever needed. This strengthens social solidarity, or collective consciousness in society- the sense of belonging somewhere.This is wherefore Durkheim sees religion as conservative and inhibiting social change, which is desirable because its functional and mint dont want to change anything roughly their ways of life.Durkheim was praised a lot for the ways he had done his research because he managed to keep an objective distance of a sociologist, and therefore do it his task to understand the functions of religion, and not to pass his judgements. Also, his argument that the sacred is a symbol of group values has been described by many, as in history, heap have rallied to flags, crucifixes and holy scriptures.However, his research tycoon be utter to be somewhat divulge of date, as he took his analysis from pre new(a) societies, and it has to be asked how relevant his theory is in straightaways western societies.Also, because Durkheim never visited the central society himself, his methodology was said to be flawed. Some say that he misunderstood Totemism, ad generalized to the highest degree other societies base on one small Aboriginal society.Durkheims theory on religion was motive breaking and very influential, inspiring much further research. The functionalist Bronislav Malinowski (1954) agreed with Durkheim on all the points he made about the role of religion. However, he foc utilise on the specific areas of social life with which religion is concerned, and managed to point out that another function of religion is to provide support for societys members in situations of social stress, like birth, death, marriage, divorce etc., where religion serves to reduce anxiety tension resulting, which menace to disrupt social life. In this sense, religion keeps society stable at times of individual and societal c onfusion and disorder and makes sure that people dont reject the shared norms, values and traditions due to times of hardship. An example would be after the 2004 Great Indian Ocean Tsunami, where most of the worlds religions sent support teams to the disaster area helped to rebuild the place. They wanted to rebuild schools as speedy as possible in particular, to maintain the important link between society, education religion.Unlike Durkheim, Malinowski actually went and lived in the society where his earn was ground on, gaining primary data. This is seen as a very positive thing, because no accusations of his work world flawed could be made.Also, his idea about how religion helps in time of crisis uncertainty buttocks be seen in todays society e.g. the funeral of Princess Diana, where people gathered together expressed their grievance.However, like Durkheim, he makes broad generalizations based on his study of just one small scaled society, which plain does not represent li fe in modern western society.The functionalist sociologist Talcott pastor (1965) believed that religion was a conservative force, because its the primary source of meaning for members of society.It provides answers to interminable questions dealing with death, the darkness, suffering and justice. Often these questions appear to be unjustified, and therefore they might threaten to undermine peoples faith. However, religion provides answers e.g. for the question why do hatred people prosper religion might give the answer that these evil people will get punished for their deeds in the afterlife etc.By providing these answers, religion helps to make sense of all experiences, which keeps society in order and stable, therefore inhibiting changes.So, religion promotes social stability quite an than change, by relieving tension frustration that could disrupt social order.However, Marxists would strongly take issue with this idea, as they believe that by focussing on the afterlife, p eople passively buy up exploitation.Marxism is a conflict theory. Like functionalist, they believe that religion is a conservative force, but they dont see it from a positive view. According to these sociologists, religion is an institution of domination oppression, and a means of social control, inhibiting changes in the social class inequalities in society. They argue that religion legitimizes social inequality, keeping the running(a) classes in a state of false consciousness, not being sensitive of the true nature of their exploitation passively accepting their lower status.This is because, check to Marx, religion acts as the opium of the people -it works as a pacifying drug-, as it doesnt solve any problems that people may have, but only dulls the pain, as people inactively put up with their sufferings, believing its Gods will and so unchangeable, stay in a state of false consciousness, thinking they will be rewarded in heaven.Marxists on the whole believe religion creates passive individuals, who do not attempt to change the world for the better, but simply accept spiritual alternatives.The fact that Marxists believe that man makes religion, religion does not make men sums up their ideas. In other words, if an individual is alienated exploited, he or she is likely to turn to religion and find the answers there. This is the reason why most religions originate in the oppressed classes (the working classes), as they have a need in religion, to gain a sense of re-create strength and confidence to move on with life.According to Marxists, the impression classes are using religion as a tool to maintain ideologic control, making it less likely that the members of the working class will recognize the fact that they are being exploited therefore revolt in this way, religion is seen as a conservative force.Marxist have gained hypothetical support from feminists because they agree with Marxists about the fact that religion causes conflict, passing on negat ive norms and values to members of society, although they believe these deal with gender inequality preferably than class inequality.However, a negative aspect of the Marxist view is that they leave out secularization, as the ideological power of religion has been undermined by the fact that people in society tend to be less religious today than in the past.Also, they are too deterministic in saying that religion is a conservative force for social class inequalities. Religion can be a force for social change, and it has done so in the past, improving the lives of millions of oppressed working class people. E.g. the Civil Rights Movement (USA) where randomness African churches played a major role in ever-changing white supremacist society. Also, the levellers in the English Civil War wanted a communistic society, basing their ideas on Christianity the Bible.Like Marxists, Feminists believe that religion is a means of social control, oppressing women and keeping men in power. They argue that religious beliefs are merely a patriarchal ideology, restricting social change and justifying social inequality.Feminist believe that through secondary socialization, religion teaches preaches the norms values of the men, constituent to legitimize the suppression of women.Much evidence is given to support their view. Feminists argue that religion is seen from a male point of view holy texts are all written interpreted by men, reference to male characters is a lot more than women in these texts, and Gods tend to be men in almost all major world religions. This gives men the feeling of being holier and gives a justification to see women as second hand citizens therefore, as I said, legitimizes gender inequality.Also, where there is reference to female characters in holy texts, a passive and nurturing gender role is attached to them.. ADAM EVE.. sexual urge role ideas are overly reinforced in religious texts. work force are portrayed as being strong and insuperable W omen on the other hand, are portrayed to be passive, unintelligent They argue that religion is a conservative force, as it reproduces, maintains legitimizes gender inequality.However, there are also sociologists who believe religion to be a source for social change.Firstly, Neo-Marxist, However, not all Marxists agree that religion is purely the opium of the people. Neo-Marxists, who are writers that have seek to update the writings of Karl Marx to suit new developments in society, have spurned the view that religion is merely a conservative force. They believe that religion can be a force for social change, being used by the working class to bring about social change. Antonio Gramsci (1971), who wrote his ideas about religion around the 1920s, was aware of the fact that the Roman Catholic perform had classd the minds of its followers over centuries, supporting ruling class interest, by making the poor oppressed focus on the afterlife rather than this life.However, he believ ed that the working class could revolt to the class inequalities, by producing their witness intellectuals, who represent working class experience therefore help to shape working class consciousness. Gramsci argued that religious beliefs and practices could develop that would support guide challenges to the ruling class because the church was not directly under their control. Otto Madurdo argued that social liberation could occur, ( emancipation through religion) but he believed this could only happen If the oppressed plurality were not to produce their own intellectuals, but if they were go to their religious leader, fetching their discontent to the churches and let them decide a plan of action obstetrical delivery about changes as happened in Poland, South Africa and South America. This is called the liberation theology- freedom through religion.Father Camillo Marx Weber was another sociologist who believed that religion could be a source for changeStrengths of his theory w ere that

Differences between competing internationally and competing globally

Differences between competing internation eachy and competing globallyExcept in a a couple of(prenominal) cases, companies in natural resource based industries much(prenominal) as oil and gas, minerals , rubbers and lumber ofttimes to find it necessary to shape in the inter discipline argonna because of attractive raw material suppliers ar located in conflicting countries.The Difference between Competing Internationally and Competing globallyCompeting internationallyA company fences only in a few remote commercializes, It is an international multinational i.e. competing internationally,Competing globallyA company fences in virtually the consummate worlds major countries and global competitor is act a marketplace presence on cost continents.CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN CULTURE, demography AND MARKET CONDITIONSSmall firms are now competing in foreign markets where there is signifi behindt variation in market conditions. It poses a much bigger challenge than when just comp eting at home.Small firms enter into foreign market initially to know the reactiveness to cross-country difference in culture, demography and market conditions. It complicates the task of competing with other players. This is the difficult and challenging task for scurvy firms entering into foreign markets. One objective is to balance pressures and be responsive to local situations of each country. Also there is varied pressure for land cost and prices of the products and services offered.The Potential for Locational Advantages Stemming from Country to Country clubs potential for gaining militant advantage based on where it has located its foreign activities. This is a major area of concern. Rivals may have lower-cost locations and is a matter of considerable strategic concern.Fluctuating Exchange RateThe volatility of exchange rates greatly complicates the issue of geographic cost advantages currency exchange rates often to fluctuate as much as 20 to 40 percent annually, change s of this magnitude can totally wipe out a countrys inexpensive advantage or transform a former high-cost location into a competitive cost location.Domestic Government Restrictions and RequirementsDomestic government activity enacts all kinds of measures affecting business conditions and the operation of foreign countries in their markets. Domestic government may set local content requirements of outputs made inside their borders by foreign-based companies, impose tariffs or quotas on imports, put conditions and restrictions on export to check over adequate local suppliers, and regulate the prices of imported and locally-produced goods. In addition, outsiders may sheath a rules and regulations regarding technical standards, product certification, and prior approval of capital disbursement projects withdrawal of funds from the country and minority/majority ownership by local citizens. Some government, anxious to obtain new plants and jobs, offer foreign companies a helping hand in the forms of subsidies, privileged market access, and technical assistance.MULTI-COUNTRY COMPETITION OR GLOBAL COMPETITIONMulti-country or multi-domestic contention exists when competition in one national market is independent of another national market. There is no international market, only a collection of self-contained country markets.Global competition exists when competitiveness across national markets are linked strongly to form a truly international market where leading competitors compete head-to-head in different countries.In multi-country competition, compete firms compete for national leadership. In globally competitive industries, rival firms compete for worldwide supremacy.For a company to be successful in foreign markets, its dodge must be different from one country to another. wrinkle and competitive environment must be taken into account.STRATEGY OPTIONS FOR entry AND COMPETING IN FOREIGN MAREKETStrategic options for a company entering and competing in forei gn market that decides to expand outside its domestic market and compete internationally or globally. Important strategic options for a company competing in international market are listed below Export strategies Licensing strategies Franchising strategies A multicountry strategy or global strategyPursuing competitive advantage by competing multinationally Strategic alliance and joint ventures with foreign partnersExport Strategy order is manufacturing products and service for exporting to foreign markets. It is an excellent Initial strategy for pursuing international sales. It minimizes both the risk and capital requirements. With an export strategy, a producer can limit its involvement in foreign markets by catching with foreign wholesalers who are experienced in importing to handle the entire distribution and marketing of outputs and marketing function in their countries regions of the world. If it has more advantages to Company and has to domination to the control over these f unctions. In this case, a manufactures can yield its own distribution and sales organization in some or all of the target foreign markets. Either Way, a firm minimizes its manoeuvre investments in foreign countries because of its home-based takings and export strategy.Whether an export strategy can be pursued successfully over the long run depends on the relative Cost competitiveness of a home country business base. In some countries, firms gain additional sale economies and firm centralize production on several giant plants whose output capability exceeds subscribe in any country market. An export strategy is open for firms when the manufacturing costs in the home country are substantially higher than in foreign countries where rivals have plants or when it has relatively high-shipping costs. Unless an exporter can keep its production and shipping costs

Nursing Reflective Essay Mentorship

treat Reflective Essay MentorshipAccording to the Nursing and obstetrics Council (NMC) (2006) the term teach is theatrical affaird to de denounce the role of a registered soak up who facilitates scholarship and supervises and assesses assimilators in the go for place. They further to a greater extent(prenominal) identify the eight mandate standards that must be achieved to become a mentor, and within the assignment I sh al angiotensin converting enzyme be referring to the Standards to Support Learning and Assessment in Practice NMC standards for mentors, practice teachers and teachers, and identifying the standards for mentors required (SM).This assignment anyow first look at the private and professional reasons why I wanted to undertake the mentorship module. It will similarly discuss the importance of a ancillary discipline environment in the workplace, and how essential it is. My role as a mentor to a nursing student will be evaluated, looking at the way in which I supported her on the ward and how I facilitated this. In conclusion, I will identify my own personal culture in project and completing this module.As a registered nurse on a busy Paediatric ward I always enjoy supporting student nurses whilst they argon on positioning with us. There is an app atomic number 18nt gypage of qualified mentors on the ward, and within my last personal development review with my filiation manager I identified a withdraw to attain the mentorship qualification. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2004) states, that as a registered nurse, you must keep your knowledge and acquisitions current throughout your working life. You also vex a duty to facilitate nursing students and others to develop their competence. According to Hand (2006), teaching is seen as an principal(prenominal) part of the health professionals role, and at some point in their career, members of some healthcare professions are expected to teach other stave, studen ts, patients and relatives. Therefore, the standard of teachers and mentors easy in the practice place will puzzle a major(ip) impact on the quality of future practiti superstarrs, consequently making an citement in patient care. Most students and many professionals note that nurture acquired from placement experience is much more meaningful and relevant than that acquired in the slash room (Quinn 2000).To visit any learner has a positive erudition experience it is essential that the discipline environment is applicatoryly, profession all(prenominal)(a)y, and psychologically supportive to all who work and learn within it. Clarke et al. (2003) notes that current nurse education puts a high value on breeding in the clinical environment and this places numerous demands on clinical areas and staff. The quality of these clinical placements has a earthshaking entice on the erudition process for nursing students. The ward on which I work aims to foster a intimately all-round attainment experience to students on placement as we are fortunate to be a well orientationd ward with many experienced staff. Although we are an passing busy ward, students are positively received and supported well, the majority want to work with us once qualified.On commencement of the mentorship module it was bring that there were no students or learners available to me signly so the meter span for my period of mentoring for the purpose of the assignment was limited to just one month. I was how eer, able to identify my own clinical mentor on the ward, and after analysis of my own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) I decided on my short and long term goals and set a larn fill with my mentor in readiness for the allocation of a student. Jasper (2003) regards SWOT analysis as getting to know yourself. The understanding of our skills and abilities and the sensitiveness of where our limits lie is seen as essential to creation able to act as a professi onal practitioner.I was finally allocated a first year child branch student, and was advised by the matron that this would be her first clinical placement. It was valuable to know where she was in her training for me to plan adequately when supporting her on the ward. A ofttimes used taxonomy in nurse education is the framework by Benner (2001) in which there are five levels novice, beginner, competent, clever, and expert. Benner (2001) adverts that nurses whitethorn be at contrastive levels in different areas dependent on their previous experiences.It was unfortunate that I was not able to work with her on her first pillow slip as I was finishing the nightshift as she was starting with the dayshift. I did however congenial her to the ward and orientated her to it, ensuring she knew who she would be working with on her first ever clinical shift. Davidson (2005) notes that students layabout be made to feel welcome by someone simply knowing their name and being expected. He al so notes that a physical tour is a estimable start. This allows for brief introductions to other staff that the student will be working with. On this initial meeting I also gave her the wards student nurse orientation/resource pack. This provided her with basic information about the ward and the different teams and staff within it, this was to provide a good introduction into the environment that she would be discipline in during her placement.Two days after she began, we had our first clinical shift together. I was pleased to hear that she had found other members of staff supportive during her first two days on the ward. Cahill (1996) acknowledges that the single most essential factor in creating a positive larn environment is the kin between staff and nursing students. She also notes that a common problem for students is that they are unable to work regularly with their mentor, so I took this probability to discuss and plan her off-duty taking into account any requests she h ad. Kenworthy and Nicklin (2000) remark that the more comfortable and safe a student feels within the environment, the more belike it is that effectual scholarship will take place and the student will become motivated to learn. I was also able to discuss the learning pack which I had previously given her and she acknowledged that it appeared to be rattling informative. Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000) state that although, in practice the mentor acts as a learning resource, it is necessary for the student to become self directed in the development of their learning needs.An big part of her placement was to establish a learning contract with myself as her clinical mentor. A learning contract is a document used to assist in the planning of a learning project. It is a create verbally agreement negotiated between the learner and the mentor in which learning needs are identified (Lowry 1997). In night club to do this success richly we needed to identify her learning objectives which included the learning outcomes of the modules to be assessed in practice. As this was her first attempt to set a learning contract it was important for me to support her through the process. Twentyman et al (2006) discuss help learning where the mentor asks the student to identify their goals and aim to secure learning opportunities that support the achievement. Jackson and Mannix (2001) note that amount of interest the nurse shows in the learning needs of the student and the key role he or she plays in their achievement are essential to the students development.During the shifts that I worked with her we discussed her required learning outcomes and during one of our formal meetings we agreed her learning contract. Within this learning contract she had identified that she needed to develop her awareness in the safe use of medical equipment used on the ward and the principles regarding using these. Quinn (2000a) remarks that it is important to have knowledge of the students program me and the required outcomes in order to ensure effectual learning.After discussion with her it was decided that a teaching session border the safe use of blood glucose monitoring equipment would be of benefit to her, as it was a procedure that was often required on the ward. It would cover one of her learning outcomes, and I agreed to facilitate this. Wallace (2003) notes, that it is important to reduce the calamity of exposing student or patient to any risk, until the student has acquired sufficient skill and knowledge when carrying out a practical procedure. The importance of discernment by a mentor is therefore crucial to ensure students become proficient in practical skills. The commonly held principle that accountability comes from training and education, is discernable within the student nurse role. According to Pennels (1997) if accountability comes with knowledge, students are unfeignedly protected from full accountability until trained. Although responsible for their actions their knowledge founding whitethorn be inadequate to allow accountability. Therefore, professional accountability lies with the registered nurse that a student nurse works with. It was reassuring for me that she and I had quickly demonstrable an effective working relationship in which I had confidence in her ability to always ask if she became unsure about a situation. She appeared to fully understand her role as a student nurse as identified in the NMC guide for students of nursing and midwifery (NMC 2006a).Before embarking on any programme of teaching it is important to recognise that there are different learning theories and styles to consider. Reece and Walker (2003) state that there is a capacious deal written about the way people learn and numerous theories on the methods to teach effectively or guide people in learning. They discuss that the main learning theories are Behaviourism, Cognitivism and Humanism.According to the Behaviourism system (Skinner 1974), the learning environment is fundamental to learning, and if this environment is right, learning occurs as connections are made between stimulus and response, and response and reinforcement (cited by Quinn, 2000a). The cognitive theory (Bruner 1966) considers learning as an internal process that involves higher order mental activities such as memory, thinking, problem-solving, perception and reasoning (cited by Hand, 2006). The human-centered learning theory (Maslow 1968) is based on the belief that humans have two basic needs, a need for growth and a need for positive regard by others. It is seen as the most holistic feeler as it takes into account the drive and motivation of an individual to learn. Reece and Walker (2003) suggest that this theory also depends on the overall influence of the environment which may hinder or service the learning process.Honey and Mumford (1992) discuss quadruple different learning styles, and whenever possible, it is important to allow the students ow n style to influence your choice of teaching method. They describe learners as activists, pragmatists, theorists or reflectors. They further note that although many people were a mixture they generally had a preference for one style.To ensure her learning experience on the ward was flourishing it was important for me as her mentor to be aware of her preferred learning style as clinical education is an essential part of the nursing curriculum. During the shifts that I had worked with her, and with discussion it was established that she preferred a more practical experience therefore she favoured a pragmatist approach to learning. I therefore bodied her preferred learning style into my planned teaching session.To enable an effective teaching session to take place, I as the facilitator needed to apportion an appropriate environment which was safe, clean, private and comfortable. It was also important that my learner, clinical mentor and myself were guaranteed time free from interrup tions. The SWOT analysis that I had completed had highlighted the difficulties on the ward often found when teaching sessions were cancelled due to staff being too busy to attend. I therefore negotiated in advance protected time for all parties for this facilitation of learning and assessment. Davison (2005) notes that mentors need to plan forrard as good preparation can ease the experience for all parties. Watson (1999) also states that if teaching opportunities for students are to be meaningful and productive, planning is an important part of the mentors role. Although I felt I had established a good relationship with her since she had been working with me, it was important for me as her mentor to be aware of learner anxiety as discussed by Price (2005). Anxiety is seen as disabling and requires mentor support if progress is to be made when learning in practice. Good communication skills are paramount when mentoring students, and diplomacy and adroitness must be employed when st udents need extra help in challenging situations. It is also worth noting that as a mentor with good communication and practical skills facilitating a well planned teaching session, I still experienced some anxiety. Price (2005) notes this often happens when your practice is being held up as exemplary and your knowledge may be tested later.On reflection I felt the teaching session achieved all the objectives set, and she was able to demonstrate this to me in both verbal feedback and the self assessment sheet provided. I also received positive verbal and written feedback from my clinical mentor. McAllister et al (1997) suggest the intention of giving positive feedback is to aid the receiver when developing their clinical and interpersonal skills. Reflective practice in nursing has been advance since the 1980s (Jasper 2003). Johns (1995) describes the process of reflection as a tool we use to assess, understand and learn through our lived experiences. Jasper (2003) also acknowledges that brooding practice is seen as one of the ways we can learn from our experiences, and in education for healthcare professions it is recognised as an essential tool for assisting students to describe the links between theory and practice. As an effective mentor it is important for me to understand the value of supporting her in vituperatively reflecting upon her learning experiences in order that her future learning can be enhanced, and when working with her I have actively encouraged her to do so.In conclusion, through task and completing this module, I have developed an advanced knowledge and critical awareness of mentorship in health care practice. I have been encouraged to look at my own practice, ensuring that it is evidence based at all times, thus enabling me to fully support students in applying evidence base to their own practice. Research into the learning environment has clearly shown the impact that it can have on student learning and I intend to ensure that the wa rd resources are kept up to date for all learners. The exploration of learning theories and styles within the module has allowed me to acquire valuable understanding of the philosophies and theories border learning, teaching and assessing and when planning learning experiences for students I now feel more equipped to integrate theory into practice. It is also important that once proper a qualified mentor I attend the regular updates provided by the university, as the role of a mentor will be seen as the gate keeper to the profession. This will in turn enable me to mentor students more effectively on the ward as the importance of the mentors role in assessing practice cannot be over-emphasised.

The Comanche Helicopter Program Essay -- The Armed Forces

In 1983 the United States began a computer program to upgrade the aging reach of U.S. ground forces helicopters. What was ab initio known as the Light eggwhisk Experimental (LHX), in April 1991 the LHX program would become the Reconnaissance Attack Helicopter (RAH-66). The program was initially designed to replace all light helicopters in the Army fleet, however, this was rock-bottom to a more attainable goal of replacing the AH-1, OH-58, and OH-6 helicopters. This program greatly enhanced the capabilities of the commander on the battlefield of the future.1 The helicopter of the future would removed outclass any helicopter on the planet boasting capabilities equal fly by wire controls, stealth, greater maneuverability, greater speed, and far scope technological capabilities making it the quarterback of the digital battlefield-. What the Comanche program cursorily turned into was an over budget, behind schedule, government project that was being create to combat an enemy that no longer existed. Technological advances found through with(predicate) the 6.9 billion dollars spent on the Comanche have yielded some improvements to the current fleet of Army helicopters (block III Apache), however, it could be argued that the Comanche project simply drained the armament and held back the advancement of the current fleet. 2 Twenty years after the birth of the LHX, the United States had invested 6.9 Billion dollars and had two RAH-66 helicopters to show for it. In 2003, with the contend on terrorism kicking off, President George W. Bush cancelled the Comanche program to better equip the U.S. Military for the fight that was ongoing. HistoryU.S. strategy in 1983 toward the Cold War with the U.S.S.R. was to simply out spend the Soviet essence in the military sector. The... ...ng, Defense Media Network, December 16, 2010, www.defensemedianetwork.com3.NATOs Nations and Partners for Peace, Comanche Terminated, Air Power, 20044.Pelletier, A.J. cost Model 40 6/OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, Avia Star, www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/bell_warrior.php, 19925.U.S. Department of Defense News Transcript. Briefing on the structure and Revitalization of Army Aviation, February 23, 20046.Department of Defense representation of the Inspector General. fiscal Management of the RAH 66 Comanche Helicopter Program, August 6, 19987.Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General, Acquisition Management of the RAH-66 Comanche, May 12, 20038.Wayne, Leslie. Pentagon Says it Plans to Kill Copter Program, The New York Times, February 24, 20049.Werthman, Robert W, Col.. The Comanche Helicopter Program A Strategic Policy Failure, March 30, 2007

AIDS :: AIDS Essays

In 1918 the United States experienced one of the worst epidemics in its history. With 500,000 dead in a national of 6 months, the Spanish influenza left its mark. With approximately 11.7 million dead worldwide, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS) is mollify leaving its mark. It is a pandemic the likes of which the world has always fe atomic number 18d to see. The HIV virus comes in several varieties, yet they kill basically the same. Our understanding of this virus and how it works is essential to finding its cure, and to preventing its spread. Who it affects and the reasons for its spreading are also all important(p) to fight against it. And finally, what raise be done to treat and prevent it is essential. fit in to the World Health Organization we began to see what AIDS truly was in the late 1970s to early 80s, mostly in men and women with multiple sex partners located in East and Central Africa, further also in bisexuals and homosexuals in specific urban areas of the Americas, Ausrtalasia and Western Europe. help was and is spread still through infected hypodermic needles which drug abusers are affected by, but also through transfusion of the blood and its components. And sadly, whenever a mother is infected, the unborn child will almost positively learn the virus before, during, or after the pregnancy. The viruses which cause AIDS, otherwise known as Human Immunodeficiecy Viruses(HIV) were first discovered in 1983 cooperatively by Dr. Robert Gallo of the content Cancer Institute and Dr. Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in France. Aids is caused mainly by the HIV-1 virus, while the HIV-2 virus is less pronounced among those infected. Scientists are puzzled as to why this dominant HIV-1 virus has 10 different genetic subtypes, approximately think that it is so the virus will survive no matter what. HIV is part of a group of viruses called retroviruses. This category basically describes how the virus transmits and reproduces itself. Which is to say that upon entering the body the virus attaches itself to a T-4 kiosk(T-Helper cellphone), which is the type of cell that marks the bad things in our body so that another cell, the B-lymphocyte, can activate the production of antibodies, which are what would normally kill the virus. So, after attaching itself to this cell it then injects its viral replicating DNA in, which then copies itself

Tourette Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Genetics :: essays research papers fc

Usually, the first symptoms of Tourette Syndrome atomic number 18 facial tics, comm still eye blinking. other facial tics include nose twitching and grimaces. The next tic to appear allow usually be some other minor motor tic much(prenominal)(prenominal) as foot stomping, head jerking, neck stretching, or body worm and bending. Affected individuals may likewise have a vocal tic such(prenominal) as clearing their throat, coughing, grunting, sniffing, yelping, barking, or shouting. Few Tourette Syndrome patients also experience coperlalia-the uttering of impertinent or obscene words or phrases. They also may resort words they hear others saying (echolalia). Some individuals touch people or repeat actions in an obsessive manner. Very rarely, patients demonstrate self-harming behavior such as head banging, and lip or cheek biting only patients with severe TS exhibit such behaviors. Tics are random, changing in severity, number, frequency, type, and location. Oftentimes, symptom s impart subside for weeks or even months at a time and after reappear. Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder in which too much or too little dopamine is produced in the brain. Too much dopamine causes hyperactivity. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter used in the substantia nigra and striatum which are important for movement. Other systems which can be effected by dopamine send axons from the midbrain to the forebrain, including the cerebral cortex. Recent research has shown that TS may also be an abnormality in the brokers affecting the brains metabolism of neurotransmitters in general. Tourette Syndrome is a highly penetrant, sex influenced autosomal dominant quality that can cause different symptoms in different family members. If the offspring that carries the TS gene is male, his risk of developing symptoms is three to four times higher. In a couple of(prenominal) cases, TS is sporadic and the cause is unknown.

Medieval Siege Weapons :: European Europe History

Medieval Siege WeaponsThis is a brief carve up or two on apiece of the major siege weapons. For the non just the besiegers but also the defenders. Please nvirtuoso most of these weapons were not used alone and often had many different versions of the same weapon. horse At long time seven a son of a fearful family was sent to a nobleman or lord, often who was a relative. here(predicate) he was a page and taught how to ride a horse, and his manners. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to a ennoble. As the squire to the knight he would take care of his horse, help him put the knights armor on and keep it clean. In turn he was taught how to use a bow, carve meat, and other knightly skills. The squire would have to go into battle with the knight to help him when he was wounded or unhorsed. If the squire was successful he would be knighted at the age of 21. When there wasnt a war press release on knight would have to practice, practice, and practice some more. They would wr estle, fight with plain-spoken swords, do acrobatics, and also do childs plays like javelin and putting which is throwing a slow stone as far as you can. Experienced knights would participate in tournaments held by the king. The winner would usually just get bragging rights and sometimes a sum of money. The most common event was jousting. Jousting is a sport where to fully armored knights ride at each other on horses while aiming a long wooden lance at the each other. With speeds reaching 60 miles per hour sometimes there could be contraband accidents. If the person was knocked off the other was victorious.CATAPULTS The trebucket, was invented by the Romans, and plays a large region in the siege of any castle. Besiegers could fire 100-200 pound stones up to 1,000 feet. The catapult was used to degrade buildings and walls inside and outside of the castle walls, it could also destroy an enemies moral by throwing severed heads of comrades, they could spread disease by throwing realize and dead animals in, and they could destroy wooden building by throwing bundles of fire in. prior models just used a large weight on one end of a pivoting arm. The arm was pulled back the missile was placed and thus let go.

The Essence of the Otavalo Essay -- Essays Papers

The Essence of the OtavaloIn our modern era and by our modern standards, the Otavalo battalion of Ecuador shine with give off success in the global arena. A myriad of factors have contributed to Otavalo successfulness and wealth, factors both outside and within their control, but factors nonetheless dependent upon the liquidity and ever-changing construct of indigenous personal identity. Tracing the saga of this indigenous peoples rise to textile, musical and cultural capital, the opportunistic attitude of the Otavalo remains the can for modern wealth and commerce. The true question of Otavalo success, however, rests not in frugalal prosperity alone, but in their inherent ability to adopt socially befitting modern traditions and retain the right to define the meaning of creation Otavalo. As early as the 1950s, indigenous merchants traveled to Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile and genus Argentina seeking markets and commerce (36). This swell of savvy Otavalos seeking new carry on demonstrates the cultures durable penchant for innovative business and pecuniary exchange. However, it was not until 1964 that the Law of Agrarian Reform abolished wasipungu that major shifts in economic industry took hold of Otavalo. The process of redistribution levied out 180,000 acres of Otavalo land by 1979, but there was hardly enough land to support and food single families, and so families began to focus on textiles and tourism for support. In the touching of the 1974 OPEC oil crisis on Ecuadorian economy, the prosperity of the Otavalo persisted despite a floundering bailiwick economy because they relied on textiles and tourism rather than agriculture (39). With the advent of internal roads facilitating tourism, the profit of the Saturday market skyrocke... ...ain focused in the spiritual valley of their home (266). Quichua shows no signs of fading out of common tongue, traditional mark morphs agreeably with elements of modern fashion, and families still desire t o grow and prepare their declare food on their own land. Yet the growing focus on individual profit and individual success may harm incorporated economic success in the future of the Otavalo, if the community loses collective identity and thus, political clout. Though no community remains static or rigid against social change, the Otavalo must have the right to exist as they believe Otavalos should exist. As they emerge as a community of people who turn the tables on capitalism and thrive in the economic organise laid upon their country and their lives, they will chose to adopt modernity as they set about useful and blossom in the ever growing identity of the Otavalo.

Mythology: Dionysus And Semele :: essays research papers

Mythology Dionysus And SemeleSemele was the daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia, king and queen of Thebes,and the mother of Dionysus, god of wine. Zeus fell devilish in love with her and excitede an oath to do anything that she asked. Hera, the jealous wife ofZeus,realized Zeus was in love with Semele and tricked Semele into asking Zeusto let her ingest him in his majesty. Bound by an oath, Zeus appeared before theunfortunate adult female in all his divine glory. (Morford-Lenardon 187) As she lookedat him, she was consumed by the cheer bolts and light that radiated fromhim. Zeus was able to rescue her unborn child, Dionysus, and hid him in his boldnessuntil it was ready to be born.Hermes carried Dionysus to be cared for by the nymphs of Nysa-theloveliest of earths valleys.(Hamilton 65) When Dionysus had grown up, hewandered to numerous far and strange places. Everywhere he went he taught men the farming of the vine and mysteries of his worship and everywhere he had been, hewas a ccepted as a god.Dionysus went to Thebes to establish his worship, since that was hismothers city. He was accompanied by the Maenads. Pentheus, the King of Thebes,was not halcyon with the behavior of this group of strangers. He ordered hissoldiers to imprison house the visitors, and he had no idea that Dionysus was a newgod.The soldiers tried to imprison the maidens but said that the doorsunbarred themselves. Pentheus was furious. He ordered his soldiers to imprisonDionysus but the prison could not hold him. Dionysis tried to show that thewonders of this new worship of a new and great god was divine but when Pentheusonly heaped insults and threats upon him, Dionysus odd him to hisdoom.(Hamilton 71)When Pentheus went to pursue the maidens that had escaped his prison,many Theban women joined him, and that is when Dionysis made them mad and theythought Pentheus was a wild beast and tore him apart.That is when Pentheusrealized that he had fought with a god and must now pay with his deportment.Some time during his wanderings, Dionysus came upon the princess ofCrete, Ariadne, when she was utterly desolate, having been abandoned on theshore of the island of Naxos by the Athenian prince, Theseus, whose life she hadsaved. (Hamilton 67) Dionysus rescued her and later fell in love with her. Whenshe died, Dionysus took her crown and target it among the stars.His mother, Semele, whom he had never seen, was not forgotten.

Human Resource Interview Essay -- essays research papers fc

forgiving Resource Management InterviewContentsI. Introduction...............................1II. Organization Information...................1III. Background Information.....................2IV. division of Human Resources....................3V. Performance Appraisals.....................5VI. Closing....................................6VII. deeds Cited................................7IntroductionHuman resource worry is part of the human resource approach, which is evidently geared to allow geological formations to advantage in two significant ways increasing in the organizations effectiveness and satisfying all of the employees makes. Organizational goals and employee needs are considered mutual and compatible in this approach, instead of simply addressing them as separate things. In other words, one need cannot be gained at the expense of the other (Human Resource Management... 6). The human resource manager in charge of the corporate office of a large brewing company, and as well the manager that I interviewed, is Lori Fulmer. Mrs. Fulmer is the benefits and risk manager of Gordon Biersch.Organization InformationDan Gordon and doyen Biersch founded their first restaurant in Palo Alto in 1988. What began as a single restaurant brewery collaboration soon turned into a chain. A little over two years ago, Trolley Barn Breweries holding Company, which consists of many Big River Grille restaurants, Rock Bottom, A1A Ale House and Seven connect Bar & Grille, purchased the rights to the Gordon Biersch restaurants. The new company even-tempered retains the Gordon Biersch name. The two founding members still run the brewery based out of Las Vegas, Nevada. The lucrative merger blends the West slideway brewing style, which uses the unique German style of brewing, with the one of a grade microbreweries of the East. This merger incorporated twenty-five restaurants and two more have undefended in the past year. Gordon Biersch corporate offices are responsible for controlling the winner that is obtained throughout the restaurant. The chalk up amount of managerial staff is more or less than 225 people. This includes everyone from the CEO all the way down to the corporate staff. The total amount of employees throughout the chain of restaurants and breweries, including the corporate offices, is somewhere ar... ...e implemented and analyzed. The discipline obtained maximizes the workers performance and organizational effectiveness. The audit levels the playing line for evaluations by clearly identifying employee strengths and training needs. After the appraisal has been sent to corporate, sexual morality increases are awarded based on the scoring.ClosingThe prevailing notion that I learned from this interview is that an employee is a firms most grievous asset. The Human Resource department controls the well being of the employee and their importance is frequently underestimated. At Gordon Biersch, the HR department is one of the first places looked at if/when prices need to be cut. If ever I am in a managing position, I now know to respect the worker, first and foremost. Having a strong a committed HR department will assist in achieving this goal. Works CitedCarrell, Elbert, Hatfield. Human Resource Management Strategies for Managing a Diverse and Global Workforce. The Dryden Press. gird Worth, 2000.The Gordon Biersch Webpage

Common Themes In Short Stories :: essays research papers

pack Joyce, a most prestigious author of many titles, has incorporated into his workings many different thoughts, life experiences, as well as themes. Those trey things that he used in his works I believe argon what made him the awesome author he is today. The main focus of this make-up is to inform you of the themes that reoccur in many of his short stories. Some themes that I spy were family, thwarting, dreams of escape, love infatuations, and finally, sin.Family is a strong theme in Joyce&8217s belles-lettres for in Araby, the young teen finds himself obeying his uncle and asking his permission to go to the fete showing his sense of respect and need for family. In Eveline the family theme roll in the hay be seen when Eveline stays and takes over the role of head of the household as a teen when her mother dies, because she feels it is her duty and she owed it to her mother. The family theme that I place can be interpreted many different ways from the context that it was written, but these two short stories were appropriate for this theme.Frustration another general theme in some of Joyce&8217s work has also been depict in Araby. Everyday the son would suffer with an infatuation with a missy he could never have. He even had to deal with his frustration of his self-serving uncle, which he and his aunt were afraid of. The absolute epitome of frustration comes from his uncle when he arrived late at home delaying the one chance of going to Araby. When the boy arrives at Araby to find out that all of the shops are closed his align frustration was reveled on the inside. James Joyce, the man who implied all of his themes was a pro of disguise because this theme was an extreme accomplishment to find. The dream of escape comes into make up in his stories also. In Araby the boy after arriving at Araby he discover that everything had already closed. That was his one and only implied chance of escape from his Uncle that was so brutal and uncaring, even unflinching towards what he wanted to do with his life. Joyce uses all of the old frustration endured by the boy as a springboard for the epiphany he realized in the end. Before the boy had accepted all of the frustration that had come with his life and after the destruction of what was supposed to be his sorcerous escape at the Araby all of the frustration turns into anger and darkness.

Essay --

The Canadian Center of Science and Education and Andrew Worsley are to be given credit for the work done in this composition. Also, in that respect are references to a project done in 2,000 called the MACHO project. The paper was developed by testing if, advances in black hole physical science can be used to accurately model both CDM associated with the top-notch jalopyive black hole at the center of the galaxy, and cosmological stale inglorious matter (Worsley, 2012). They analyzed different sets of data and used a series of mathematical equations to find the proof of the existence of cosmological dark matter in the atmosphere. A strength of this article is that they put the outstrip to the LMC at 40kpc. This allowed the core radius of the halo to be as vast as 25 kpc, which is like the MACHO project Model F predicted that as much as 40-60% of the halo mass could be accounted for by MACHOs, which implies that a portion of the halo could be primordial black holes. However, opposite models showed a lower percentage 20 % of the core halo mass because they only kept it at 5 kpc, which limited their results. What has become c...

Important Factors In A Romantic Relationship :: essays research papers

significant Factors in a amorousistic Relationship     Why get gnarly in a romantic relationship? What benefits do theyhave? tribe commonly ask these questions when faced with the decision ofgetting involved with psyche. Romantic relationships provide comradery, suit, and discern. All of these contribute to building a lasting stick around betweentwo people. companionship is the foundation, courtship preserves the romance, andlove makes it last.     Friendship is often the basis of romantic relationships. The comraderybrings two people nigher together. A romantic partner is someone in whom toconfide, and with whom to sh ar cracking problems. He is there to console andcomfort in hours of need. He gives his acquaintance unconditionally as afoundation in the relationship. Friendship takes love and kindness, as doromantic relationships. When a couple starts out as friends, they build astronger alliance. This is why romance usually start s with friendship.     Courtship is genuinely important in romantic relationships. Amorouscompanions need to feel cute and appreciated. Courtship keeps the romance ina relationship. It helps one lover extract the other how he feels. "Show yourlove with flowers " is frequently used in the flower industry to get people tobuy flowers. Buying flowers shows ones affection. Holidays such(prenominal) asValentines Day emphasize the need to show that special someone how admired theyreally are. Courtship allows people to continuously grow circumferent and learn newthings about each other. Whether it is giving a dish antenna a dozen roses, oran "I love you" now and then, courtship is what keeps the flame alive betweenromantic partners.      contend binds all romantic relationships. Without love they would notexist. George Hebert shows the benefits of love in relationships in thisquotation that states "Love makes all hard hearts g entle." This quote expresseshow a cold mortal coming into a relationship can be softened by love. Having aromantic partner gives a person a sense of reassurance, self-esteem, and lovefor himself. Love enhances the lives of both partners in the relationship. Forexample, when two people are in love, their emotions are at an ultimate high.

unforgiven and being there :: essays research papers

There be four elements that I go out discuss while writing this paper. These four elements depart calculate the haceks plot. The ii cinemas that I will apply these elements to are Unforgiven and macrocosm There. The first element that I will discuss is origin. commencement is the starting line point of the picture show. It is who the fictitious character is at the time you meet him. In the movie Unforgiven, the important character is a slice named William Munny. When we first consider William Munny, he is on a small farm with his two children. He is not real wealthy and is working in the pigpen. His wife had died a couple up of years ago and he is left to take feel for of a farm and his two children. In the movie Being There, the main character is a gentlemans gentleman named Chance the Gardner. When the audience first meets Chance, he is posing on his bed watching television. Chance is a mentally challenged man. A black maid named Louise comes in and tells Chance that the sr. man has passed away. Louise is very upset and Chance does not show any soft of emotion. This is how twain characters in the two movies are introduced to the audience.The second element, which is important, is the dorsum written report. The back story is the unseen but understood theme behind the movie. It is the inwardness of the movie in a whole. William Munnys background is introduced at the graduation exercise of the movie. They personate him as an assassin and a die-hard cowboy. He remove women and children and was the closely feared man in Wyoming. Since then he has changed his bread and butter. After getting get married to his wife he quit drinking and cleansing and tried and true to wear his life. Chance the Gardner is described as be the caretaker of the garden. He lived with and old man who owns a very large estate. They suggest that he was taken into the theater at a very young age. Being the gardener, this was the save life he knew. The third element is development. Development is the changes and challenges that the character faces. wizard of the challenges that William Munny faces is when a young man comes to Munnys farm and asks Munny to join him in killing two men that sliced a prostitutes face. He says that he will give Munny five hundred dollars if he helped him kill these two men.unforgiven and being there essays research papers There are four elements that I will discuss while writing this paper. These four elements will describe the heros plot. The two movies that I will apply these elements to are Unforgiven and Being There. The first element that I will discuss is origin. Origin is the starting point of the movie. It is who the character is at the time you meet him. In the movie Unforgiven, the main character is a man named William Munny. When we first see William Munny, he is on a small farm with his two children. He is not very wealthy and is working in the pigpen. His wife had died a couple of year s ago and he is left to take care of a farm and his two children. In the movie Being There, the main character is a man named Chance the Gardner. When the audience first meets Chance, he is sitting on his bed watching television. Chance is a mentally challenged man. A black maid named Louise comes in and tells Chance that the old man has passed away. Louise is very upset and Chance does not show any kind of emotion. This is how both characters in the two movies are introduced to the audience.The second element, which is important, is the back story. The back story is the unseen but understood theme behind the movie. It is the meaning of the movie in a whole. William Munnys background is introduced at the beginning of the movie. They portray him as an assassin and a die-hard cowboy. He murdered women and children and was the most feared man in Wyoming. Since then he has changed his life. After getting married to his wife he quit drinking and killing and tried to better his life. Cha nce the Gardner is described as being the caretaker of the garden. He lived with and old man who owns a very large estate. They suggest that he was taken into the house at a very young age. Being the gardener, this was the only life he knew. The third element is development. Development is the changes and challenges that the character faces. One of the challenges that William Munny faces is when a young man comes to Munnys farm and asks Munny to join him in killing two men that sliced a prostitutes face. He says that he will give Munny five hundred dollars if he helped him kill these two men.

The Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

The Tragic Hero of Julius CaesarTragedy concerns itself with the drop of a protagonist (or the tragic hero) that suffers crushing defeat or death. Brutus certainly fits in as the protagonist of Julius Caesar and the tragic hero. Since Brutus was one of the main characters of the play, it would be perspicuous that he would be the tragic hero of the play as well. The d testifyfall of the protagonist occurs through a tragic shortcoming of the protagonist. Brutus tragic flaw was making bad judgments. For example, he allow Antony speak at Caesars funeral, he let Antony live and too he marched to Phillipi. Since the Romans liked Brutus, they thought that if he killed Caesar, then he had a good reason for it. However, if Brutus had not let Antony speak at the funeral, the peck would not have turned against him and the otherwise conspirators. Antony was not Caesars best friend, like Brutus he just wanted everybody to be against Brutus so they could follow him. Letting Antony live wa s very poor judgment. Brutus perpetrate suicide because Antony defeated his army. If Antony were killed, Brutus would have never committed suicide himself. The march to Phillipi was also a bad idea because if they hadnt gone everybody wouldnt have been killed. Brutus also made poor judgment on his friend Cassius. Cassius was the one persuading Brutus to flex one of the conspirators, if he hadnt listened to Cassius, he wouldnt have killed Caesar.Brutus was one of Caesars best friends, solely he was not the greatest friend in the world. He killed his avow best friend. Also, as good as a friend Brutus was to Caesar, it appeared as though Brutus loved capital of Italy and its people more. If then that friend command why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer not that I loved Caesar less, just that I loved Rome more. (3.2.21-24) Loving Rome more than his own friend was another of Brutus tragic flaw. He was more loyal to people hes never met before, than his own friend. If Bru tus did not love Rome more, he would not have killed his good friend.If Brutus felt so strongly that to save Rome he had to assassinate his own best friend that definitely must(prenominal) show something. Brutus killed Caesar for the people of Romes sake, not for his own. A true hero would mobilise of other people before thinking of himself.

Retinitis Pigmentosa Essay -- Health, Diseases, Vision Loss, Blindnes

The study proposed herein aims to accomplish the following To control the optimal exposure, gamma, contrast, and last word corrections infallible to increase the perceived contrast of images by individuals modify by Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and to determine the optimal image overlay of input signals corrected at twain high and low thresholds such(prenominal) that perceived contrast is maximized. Additionally, this study give develop an I/O system of minimal necessary size responsible for image processing following image acquisition from micro cameras that will output post-processed image data onto small, high resolution liquid crystal display/LED screens contained in a wearable binocular device equivalent to commercially available home theater glasses. Lastly, this study aims to expose a cohort of individuals affected with Retinitis Pigmentosa to a series of images, environments, and scenes typically difficult for RP affected individuals to observe and distinguish due to col or similarities and decreased contrast and brightness and subsequently assess the effectiveness of the wearable prosthesis based on the accuracy of object identification both with and without the device.SIGNIFICANCEVision breathing out affects millions of people worldwide. According to a 2002 survey by the World health Organization (WHO), approximately 37 million individuals worldwide are exclusively fraud, with 124 million having low vision. The WHO defines low vision and blindness as change degrees of loss of visual acuity and visual field loss, relative to the cleanse eye, with optimal correction. Blindness affects both genders, with individuals over 50 comprising 82% of the blind population. Causes of blindness vary, with approximately 60% being due to cataract and refractive errors which are... ...and RP1 (Ziviello 2005). more complex mechanisms for RP development have been suggested, such as mutations in carboniferous anhydrases. Because photoreceptors have high metab olic needs, acidic metabolites resulting from aerobic and anaerobic respiration, such as lactic acid, are produced in large quantities by these cells, and as such necessitate removal to maintain pH homeostasis (Alvarez 2007). This is inherently difficult due to the avascular nature of the retina. This function is instead performed by the choriocapilaris, and is dependent upon the activity of multiple enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase four (CA4). CA4 thereby helps to maintain pH homeostasis which is critical to the health and proper functioning of the photoreceptors, with CA4 mutations compromising this regulatory ability, resulting in photoreceptor degeneration, and subsequently RP (Alvarez 2007).

Industrial Agriculture and the Loss of Biodiversity Essay -- Argumenta

Industrial Agriculture and the discloserage of Bio alterationPreserving Diversity By Way Of Old Crop Varieties traditionalistic methods is hence the most advantageous way to retain sustainable success in farming suggested by Stephen B. Brush in his research of the effect of diversity in agriculture. In Genetic Diversity And Conservation In Traditional Farming Systems, he explains how analyzing familial erosion and the loss of genetic resources last leads to environmental degradation. Various factors have led to nations turning to improved bankers acceptance varieties, primarily the parking lot transition and commercial markets. Brush explores the effects that the blue jet Revolution has had on resources and agriculture, and explains why nations are turning to markets. The Green Revolution brought an introduction and increase in genetic diversity, to all domains of agriculture, especially withal much emergencyed third world countries. Due to alterations in genetic re sources, conventional methods were being replaced with modern-day agriculture that was producing exceptional yielding varieties. This prodigality of yield led some(prenominal) small farmers to sell their products and also ferment principal players in the market. The success from this established the hold for movement toward modern techniques and away from traditional cultures. On the contrary, Fowler and Mooney present a different viewpoint in their article Shattering food, politics, and the loss of genetic diversity. They assert that the Green Revolution only provided a short-lived solution to hunger, but not to the protection of the ecosystem (Fowler 176). They discussed the history and origin of the introduction of modern varieties, in which they last stated that they might have created temp... ...ect diversity with traditional cultures (Nazarea 4). In my opinion, traditions need to be protected because they are the methods that have been working for so many years. Nevert heless, technology is crucial to helping to stabilize diversity. Improved varieties may not have been the best, enduring solution yet. There are other options out there that can be discovered with more research. I gestate that the scientific world can find a precise average that will continuously nurture biodiversity. Until the optimal resolution is found we need to turn our ways back to traditional farming before it is alike late. Works CitedFowler, Cary, Mooney, Pat, Shattering food, politics, and the loss of genetic diversity.University of Arizona Press, Tucson. C.1990. Nazarea, Virginia, D., Cultural retrospect and Biodiversity. The University Of Arizona Press, Tucson c.1998.

Gluttony in Doctor Faustus Essay -- Doctor Faustus Essays

Gluttony in rectify Faustus Doctor Faustus is a scholar who questions all knowledge and finds it lacking. Because n whizz of his learning leave allow him to transcend his mortal condition, he rejects immortal and forms a agreement with Lucifer all the while pursuing the arts of black magic. Of course, this is one more(prenominal) propaganda piece of Western Christianity attempting to argue that knowledge is dangerous and close-fitting instead of rewarding and liberating. It also suggests a Protestant parallel in its representation that one who confides in anything ends up believing in nothing. However, if we flip aside its use as a socio-economic, ideological tool of manipulation, we flock explore its character, action and themes without suffering too much offense as open-minded scholars. In a play of five acts, twenty scenes and more than 70 pages of typed text, Gluttony, one of the seven deadly sins, consumes a mere 13 lines. While such economy of space and expression is atypical of Gluttony, it is not typical of Marlowe who surfeits our senses with images of gluttonous, swollen, and surfeited allusions. In fact, Faustus appears to be a fathead because his head has create swollen in self-conceit due to his attempt to understand more than it is within the power of humans to know. According to Marlowe (23-24), Till swolln with cunning, of a self-conceit,/His waxen fly did mount above his reach/And melting, heavens conspired his overthrow/For falling to a devlish exercise/And glutted now with learnings golden gifts/He surfeits upon cursed black magic/Nothing so sweet as magic is to him/Which he prefers in advance his chiefest bliss-/And this the man that in his study sits. Gluttony, personified, only has two dialogue exchanges with Faus... ...demption. whole caboodle CITED Fitzhenry, R. I. Barnes & Noble Book of Quotations. New York, Barnes & Noble Books, 1986. Marlowe, C. Doctor Faustus. Barnet, S. (ed.) New York, Signet Classics, 1969. The ed ucatee may wish to begin the essay with several of the following quotes Puritanism - the haunt fear that someone, somewhere may be happy.H. L. Mencken Christianity might be a good thing if anyone ever tried it.George Bernard Shaw Men prefer to believe that they are degenerated angels, rather than elevated apes. W. Winwood Roade As for a future life, every man must judge for himself between conflicting vague interests.Charles Darwin God is dead. F. Neitzsche When a man is freed of religion, he has a better chance to bide a normal and wholesome life. Sigmund Freud (Barnes & Noble Book of Quotations, 310-312)

Free Euthanasia Essays: Oregon, Assisted Suicide and Right to Life :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Oregon, Assisted Suicide and mightily to sprightliness   The reader of this root will learn how the Right to Life movement is getting pertain in a dramatic way in the support self-destruction battle in the state of Oregon. The NRLC( content Right to Life Committee), as rise up as the state RTL group, is participating in the court battle resulting from Oregons November, 2001 legal challenge to Ashcrofts decision -- initiated to keep assisted suicide practices functioning smoothly in Oregon.   The National Right to Life Committee and Oregon Right to Life filed a friend of the court brief in the crusade challenging the recent decision of U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft that the Controlled Substances issue does non permit the enjoyment of federally controlled drugs for assisted suicide. Under the Ashcroft decision, physicians who impose controlled drugs for assisted suicide could lose their licenses to prescribe any federally controlled drugs, which would effica ciously end the medical practice of many doctors. The brief supports the position of the coupled States, arguing that the Ashcroft decision should be upheld. (Oregon)   In November of 2001, the State of Oregon brought crusade against the Ashcroft ruling charging that it effectively nullifies Oregons law permitting physician-assisted suicide for the terminally ill. Oregon is the scarcely state to have legalized physician-assisted suicide. Oregon was joined in the suit, Oregon v. Ashcroft, by a number of persons seeking assisted suicide, a physician, a pharmacist, and an assisted suicide advocacy organization. Federal district court judge Robert E. Jones in Portland, Oregon, enjoined enforcement of the Ashcroft ruling pending prompt resolution of the case in his court. The National and Oregon Right to Life brief argues that Ashcrofts decision was fully confirm because the federal government can choose to harbor all world life through its laws even if the State of Oregon has chosen not to do so. Just because Oregon allows its doctors to prescribe lethal drug overdoses to patients doesnt mean(a) that the federal government has to agree that this is a legitimate medical use of the drugs, said James Bopp, Jr., General Counsel of the National Right to Life Committee. The Oregon tail doesnt wag the federal dog. The U.S. government can protect all human lives even if Oregon turns its back on few of them.   The brief also argues that the Ashcroft decision avoids constitutional problems by refusing to discriminate against terminally ill persons in enforcement of federal drug laws.

Penicillin Essay -- essays research papers fc

Penicillin was out of the blue discovered at St. Marys Hospital, London in 1929by Dr. Alexander Fleming. As shield continued, Fleming began to realize that he was on the verge of a not bad(p) discovery. However, he still did not know the identity of the fungus, and had little cognition of fungi. His crude extracts could be diluted 1,000 times and still be trenchant in killing bacteria. later years of working on penicillin and personnel casualty nowhere, many of his co-workers grew tired of hearing about it. The first real test for penicillin came when a 48-year-old police officer nicked himself shaving. After a time, Alexanders face became infected and he developed a temperature. When he was rushed to the hospital, the doctors believed that he had altogether hours to live. Then Dr Fleming and his crew started to treat this patient. This was the first person that penicillin was used on. After five days, he was getting better. Unfortunately, because it was in such short supply, it had to be extracted from his urine, and the penicillin had been used up. The police officer died five days later. Their next hear was successful. It involved a punctured eye. The stone was still in the eye, and ordinarily the eye would have been amputated, but penicillin allowed the man to make a abundant recovery. By this time, it was now 1941, it was now acknowledged that penicillin was indeed a worthy drug and could save thousands of lives. During World War I, death rate from pneumonia in th...

World War II :: World War 2 Two

solid ground War 11When the World War I broke out in 1914, with Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. Americas first reaction was to stay out to conflict. chairwoman Wilson, in his speech to the Congress on August 19, 1914 said every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of sluggishity. The United States must be neutral in fact as well as in name during these geezerhood that are to try mens souls. We must be frank in thought as well as in action. every(prenominal) American leaders favored neutrality. While the entire European classical was divided into two camps Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey as Central Powers were pitted against the ally powers Serbia, Britain, France, Belgium, Italy and Russia. As the war progressed, American public sympathies veered to the Allied side. Under the leaders of J.P. Morgan and Company many banking firms gave huge loans to the Allied powers.By international rules the neutral country could mickle with any othe r neutral nation and similarly with other belligerent countries non facing a end. The Americans wished to continue trade with both belligerent sides.In the initial stages of the war the British blockade of Germany created problems for the U.S. The British tried to stop all trade between Germany and the succour of the world. They extended their blockade by controlling imports to other neutral countries handle Holland, Denmark and Sweden with are geographically close to Germany The Americans protested against the violation of neutral rights though Wilson never put undue pressure on England as no U.S. citizen scattered his life due to the blockade. Moreover, all cargo seized was paid for at war. It was the German use of submarines in the war that brought the U.S. in direct confrontation with Germany. The German submarines fired indiscriminately at neutral ships too. The last straw was when the British passenger liner Lusitania was sunk by German submarines on whitethorn 7. It res ulted in the loss of 1,200 lives which included 128 Americans. The American public was outraged.President Wilson forthwith demanded compensation from Germany in a series of notes to Berlin. The tone of these notes was very snappy and harsh. Ten months after the incident, Germany apologized for the sinking and offered a compensation for the loss. But the U.S. was not satisfied. Wilson wanted to make Germany stop the use of submarines in the war.