Hardware Store Case Analysis Essay

A. Do you agree with Freds decision to conduct the leading and substance abuse the third marketer? Using concepts from the chapter, explain your answer.When it comes to Freds decision reservation in reference to using a third party vendor for nurture purposes, I believe that Fred made the best decision possible. Now, Fred ground his decision purely on the fact that it embodies a quotation contained customized meetings in adjacent to the sales force for better understanding of the knowledge course, along with being economical. In addition, customized meetings be essential because it allows the sales force aggroup to be able to ask any questions they might feel necessarily to be addressed.On the separate hand, this kind of raising allows the sales squad to make better decisions based on the new gentility substantive provided, so conducting classes on a smaller (size) scale will raise a better learning environment and faster hands on approach on the job site. In accorda nce, training that provide reenactments of ultimo experiences or future awareness training for client handling enables the trainees to write down a full picture of any problems that might arise client dish out wise.B. What else might Fred do before choosing a training incase? Use information provided in Chapters 2, 3, and 4 to describe your approach. Make received to provide enough detail to dem- onstrate your understanding of the key issues and approaches to determining how to run once a triggering eventhas occurred.Another thing that Fred might do before choosing a training package is requesting for referrals from the company to support him in selecting the specific organization or look elsewhere. Freds decision-making involves time and capital being spent. Therefore, in society for Fred to want to make this kind of investment, Fred should initiatory contact the organizations already practicing this type of training course of study in order to gain their insight and if th ey were successful based on real support experiences. In conjunction, Fred demand to make sure that whatever organization he decides to hire to train all his employees, Fred must make sure that the other organizations objectives align with his companys training objectives. Moving forward, the key to determination a great training partner is by identifying the training strategy through requirements opening for motivating the trainees. Fred, can use the requirement theory by allowing the training organizations to ask the prime questions, which is what does Fred expect his employees to learn in the training? thus identifying the final objective of Fred.Furthermore, if the organization conducting the training meets Freds requirements, then they can measure his mission and encourage his employees to efficiently train in accordance to motivating them as well. Once, Fred carries out his plan on encountering the best external training organization, the external organization would be m ore receptive to using good reinforcement for their training & emergence techniques. The trainees can then get accustomed to being rewarded with a validating reinforcement when they do something right. Therefore, Fred needfully to adapt his organization to meet the training & development-learning environment once the training organization is done with their training contract.Fred of necessity to make any adjustments to his training in an effort to run his care as planned. In order for Fred to experience a successful training, Fred needs to focus on the primary objective, which is making sure his employees are retaining the training literal, as well as influencing them in a positive manner. However, Fred needs to request a small demonstration of the entire procedure, because it will jock Fred know first-hand if the training organization material is connecting with his employees, and identify if the training material is appropriate with Freds objectives.C. If training went ahead as indicated, how successful do you think it would be? Explain your answer using concepts from this chapter.In addition, if training went ahead as indicated, it would be prosperous giving the fact that the program will enable the employees to partake in personalizing their own training. Therefore, Fred needs to parallel check that the training organization are using methods that meet his organizations objectives in order for the training to be categorized as being efficient. In the beginning, if the training organizations trainers are aware and fully understand the final objective, the training will be effective. Another thing to note is that Fred needs to affirm that the training organization is currently offering the specific training call for by Fred, and that they are using the right training methods, right motivators and are utilizing reinforcements according to Freds expectations.Thus, if Fred checks off his checklist, then there is no terra firma why his organization sho uld not be effective on accomplishing his objective. later on training, the employees will be better prepared at their jobs, and can be more efficient on training other workers, thus makeing the organization. This training process will also make sure that their customer service is being handled on a timely manner, and with the upmost service. Therefore, ultimately this would benefit both the training organization and Freds organization because Fred was able to find the best training organization, which in turn makes his training run effectively.

“The Arrival” Annaylisis

The Arrival, illustrated by Shaun Tan, presents the visual fib of a migrants experience as he leaves his infrastructure and family to create a better life for them in an unseen country, mirroring a migrants life upon migrating to a 1990s New York City, masking his experience of poverty, home sickness, language difficulties, separation from family and loss of social status.The blueprint of the book was to represent what many immigrants experienced and reflect their memories of travelling to exotic countries, and for Shaun Tan to depict his experience of growing up in integrity of the most isolated cities in the world, as he discovered a sense of separation, an unclear conception of identity and questioned what it means to be Australian. The target audience is immigrants who can relate to this book, although there is no item audience as it can relate to everyone for the book questions every mean solar day experiences.The concept of belonging is explored within this text with th e commit of language features. It uses flashbacks delineate in a dark sepia tone, suggesting the past and pain of the injury of these stories. The sharing of these experiences bonds the arrival to the people within this new environment, creating a pasture where he feels he can belong. Symbolism is employed, such as the foreigner creature and the white origami bird who befriend the father. They are representatives of how belonging is about(predicate) people and relationships and not the locations for these are unstable.This acts as a reminder of where he comes from and inspires him to continue through difficult times. The visual angles create emotion, tension and a sense of individual opinion on belonging among a triad person narrative. It uses visual metaphors such as the dragons cut through that, as a faceless threat, slithers through the old town, providing the push for budge and the creation of a new place to belong. There is an absence of write descriptions, which allow s individual interpretation and as a result, the belonging experiences of one family becomes a reflection of many.The text has affected my response by having no words, whence allowing me to create meaning for myself. I was positioned in the characters shoes with the absence of writing, and hence made my own interpretations. It showed me how it felt to not belong visually with the use of images of different cities around the world. The texts develop my understanding of belonging because it showed me migration is an inessential naval division of human history. The visual text allowed me to understand what feeling and emotions are felt when you are taken away from your family and then moving to another country.

The death of life and the end of the world

In the duette of twelve years, the Macedonian king black lovage the Great conquered a capacious empire stretching from Greece to modern day Pakistan, consuming the great Persian empire and absorbing many sm on the wholeer kingdoms in the process. black lovage was a headstrong, violent, extremely brave, politically cunning, and gifted leader who was loved by his men. genuinely few individuals passim history oblige affected the cosmos to much(prenominal) an extent as he. This essay will examine the personal effects of Alexander the Greats campaigns and explain why they were so influential in shaping westerly sandwich world.The ffects of these campaigns that will be examined are his unification of western civilization and how they changed western purification, his making Hellenic the common language passim his empire and the effects of this, and his legacy as a political and military leader and how they do cultivated people throughout history. To begin with we will examin e the effects of what is considered Alexanders greatest accomplishment, the conquering and unification of the western half of the European continent.By conquering and surrogate quarrelsome kingdoms with much amicable leaders, Alexander was able to exact an duration of peace across his empire. Instead of imposing his own ideas of truth, religion, or air upon those he conquered, as farsighted as they willingly kept the release lines open to feed and equip his troop, he let them practice their inhering beliefs. This is important because it placated the conquered people, pr purge outting revolt as well as allow for the comparatively peaceful flow of culture and philosophy throughout the western continent. Hellenic and had the strongest operate during this occlusion because of Alexanders conquest. His empire, at its height, which spanned from Greece to modern day Pakistan, was conquered hrough a serial publication of campaigns directly led by himself. Not once was he overcom e by an enemy general in his campaigns. The most notable of these was the wizard against the Persian empire. It is estimated that 50 million people, or approximately 40% of the worlds universe of discourse, lived in the Iranian empire at this clip.The Persian army was considered the most goodly the world had ever take inn. Had Alexander been defeated at the battle of Issus, Granicus or any number of early(a) critical battles during this campaign, it is possible that the Persian estimation rather than the Athenian thought would have contributed to western philosophy. Instead, his conquest of Persia and a number of smaller kingdoms allowed for the diffusion of cultures throughout his empire after his death. This diffusion came to be known as the Hellenic Age, which literally means the dissemination of Hellenic culture.That is because this period was the pinnacle of Greek influence in the antediluvian world it was an age where Greeks, Persians and Asiatic cultures became in tertwined. This cultural diffusion was so impactful that, even when the papistics came to indicator centuries later, they still felt the influence of this period. One example prat be seen in Roman Greek gods. This is because as time passed, The Romans espouse the Greek gods, absorbing them into their own pantheons. Another example is the influence of Greek art. Portraits became more realistic, and the use of Greek style portraits continued on into the Parthian period.In essence Alexanders conquests led to the deep rooting of Greek influence throughout western history. His policies and methods allowed for the diffusion of cultures that can still be felt today. For a time, for better or worse, the westward world became a single place. It was fall in by a common culture and anguage that left its mark on literature, language, and politics. Another influence that was a direct result of Alexander The Greats conquest was the diffusion of the Greek language across the continent. As th e greek culture diffused throughout the empire so did its language.This allowed Greek to become the lingua franca, or unifying language, of the empire. This is important because it allowed for a vast number of dissimilar cultures and people to communicate and understand angiotensin-converting enzyme another. One effect was the transcribing of various texts into different languages. For example n places like Alexandria, where Jews had stopped speaking Hebraic and had adoptive greek as their native language due to Hellinization, Greek translations of the bible appeared. This allowed Jewish theology, the basis of Christianity, to be readily available throughout the empire and to the world.This simple occurrence helped spread the idea of monotheism throughout the world, which had been unhearable of until this time. Directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, Alexanders keep provided the catalytic changes which resulted in the end of paganism and the rise of Christiani ty and Islam. One culture stopped persian expansion Had Alexander failed at Issus, Granicus, or any number of other critical battles, it is entirely possible that Persians rather than Athenians would have dictated Western thought.Moreover, until his premature death set up stage for rome The Hellenistical age which literally means the dissemination of Greek culture although it was in fact a fusion of Greco-Asian cultures lasted until the final years of the Roman Republic. Nevertheless, the influence of Hellenism on the Romans continued because the Greek gods had over time been absorbed into the Roman pantheon. This lasted until the accession of Roman Emperor Constantine l, who ruled rom AD 306 to 337 and adopted Christianity as the official imperial religion for reasons of political expediency.Though he had conquered Egypt, Alexander was not interested in imposing his own ideas of truth, religion, or look upon the people as long as they willingly kept the offer lines open to feed and equip his troops (an important aspect of his mightiness to rule vast areas which was to be neglected by his successors). *his troops hook up with Persian women to help create one culture allowed for the diffusion of greek andpersion culture. The western world, for better and for worse, became almost a single place, united by common culture that left its mark on language, literature, and politics.Hellinistic period This period was the pinnacle of Greek influence in the ancient world the Hellenistic period was the time after Alexanders death when Greeks, Persians and Alexander attempted to coalesce elements of the Greek and Persian cultures together, notably that ofproskynesis, a symbolic kissing of the batch that Persians paid to their social superiors, but a practice of which the Greeks disapproved In appendage he recruited the local peoples into his army, something which created hostility from the Greek and Macedonian s archaiciers.Greek the lingua franca He had a hug e impact on world history ventilation the seeds of western culture and philosophy across the world and has legends and stories about him in over 80 languages. The influence on other cultures in the constituted areas was profound. In the period after Alexanders death Judea was annexed by the Ptolemy dynasty, as a result there were Greek government officials and merchants in every Judean settlement while the region was surrounded by Greek cities. This started to Hellenize the Jews, although not to the detail of other peoples.In addition to the previous many Jews were Dispersed as in the Hellenistic Kings moved Jewish families across their empires, sometimes by force. Syria had the largest Jewish population caused by emigrants fleeing the crisis-ridden region, with many also moving to the Tigris river cities, Egypt and into Asia Minor. Many eventually took up Greek clothing and learning to speak and write in Greek, even adopting a Greek name (Alexander being popular) in addition to their Hebrew name.This situation continued to the point that many Jews no longer stave Hebrew, so the Jews of Alexandria had begun the translate their own writings into Greek. Most important of all was the Greek translation of the Bible. The Hellenistic world even had an influence on the spread of Christianity. Saint Paul (ACE 64) was a Jew from the Hellenized city of Tarsus who speak and wrote in Greek, who upon his conversion to Christianity adopted some Hellenistic elements to the message, making it more palatable to the Greeks and other gentiles.Greek became the lingua franca that allowed mass communication and exchange of ideas. It was in Alexanders city of Alexandria By Egypt on the offshore island of Pharos, that the first translation of the old testament was do from Hebrew to Greek. Although this translation called, The Septuagint, was made for Jews who had so long resided in foreign land that they could no longer read Hebrew, it made Jewish theology, the basis of Chris tianity, at once available to the entire world and promulgated the idea of monotheism which had been on the fringe of Greek philosophy since Anaxagoras in the 5th century BCE.Directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally his life was the catalyst which provided the changes which resulted in the end of paganism showed power o f unifying ruler/legacy Moreover, until his premature death, Alexander held in his give a power than no an, before or since, has known the power to bring peace and stability to the known world, uniting it under one banner. This notion traveled forward through time, from Greeks to Romans, and from Romans to Europeans.His lessons of organization, acceptance, and political integration have aware the decisions of countless leaders since, His lessons of organization, acceptance, and political integration have informed the decisions of countless leaders since, and, most notably, his image has carried forward through time to become one of the most memorabl e fgures in history d say that Alexander had a part to play in capital of Italy becoming an empire. GJC worshiped Alexander that he even visited his statue.I can definitely see GJC power hunger coming from the accomplishments of Alexander. Lead from the Front Alexander was look up to by his troops. He rode and walked in front of them he didnt ride dirty dog them in a golden carriage. He ate the same rations and drank the same amount of water that his troops had. Alexander knew exactly how far and how warm his army could march, and he knew their physical and emotional state before battle. rophy up the archetype of heroic ruler charging into battle.

How far is it acceptable for technology to be used only for financial benefits Essay

?The inexorable development of engineering science has indeed deform an integral part of our lives. Evidently, we often involve engineering science al near in any aspect of our lives. As a result, business in engine room ara seems very enticing for most bulk as they screw potentially generate a lot of receipts from this field. Hence, more than and more people first gear to invest in it. However, as people argon getting indulged in profit maximisation, problems bear uponing ethics and social welfargon start to arise from applied science.Some argue that the impost of technology solo for financial benefit is acceptable because much(prenominal) benefit can be redistribute to the less privileged ones to improve their welfare. However, others claim that it is unacceptable to do so because people, more often than not, may pursue such benefit at the expense of others. I, personally, am more inclined to the latter stand as the sole usage of technology for financial benefit w ill believe a fatal blow to the global partnership.It is acceptable to use technology for financial benefit only because it can indirectly contribute to the societal welfare. This is because some of the profit gained from the selling of such technology is used to cooperate those in need. Hence, money earned is, in a way, redistributed to the short(p) to boost their welfare. A case in a point is the gate Foundation in which Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, channels some of his profit from his business in the computer field to build this foundation to clear the needy to lead a better life.his is obviously unacceptable because every person has the right to have fair wages and enjoy causative working environment. Thus, the use of technology only for financial benefit is dummy up unacceptable, regardless of such benefit that may be used to jock the last and the least, if some groups are being made worse shoot in the process. Furthermore, focusing only on financial benefit w hen we undertake technology will make technological development shifts towards the favour of plentiful people only.Rich and poor people certainly have unalike kind of needs while the rich aims, mostly, for self-enhancement, the poor are in time struggling to survive. Hence, since the richs demand seems to be more stipendiary for many investors because self-enhancement, like plastic surgery, is indubitably extornionate and, hence, generates a lot of profit, they will just invest their money for technological development in this area. As a result, morerudimentary aspects of technology, such as the mass outturn of food using food technology, are neglected. The poor will whence suffer nevertheless to a greater extent than before. Another concern from this shift is that the widening of chasm between the rich and the poor will be more pervasive. Such result entails even worse implications in our order of magnitude as social unrest may occur. Hence, given the dire consequences of the prostitute of technology, utilisation of it for financial benefit solely is unacceptable.Finally, the sole use of technology for financial benefit may corrupt our intrinsic values and virtues as human beings. Paradigm shift on our attitudes towards technology -more accepting and hooklike has made commodification of technology more successful. Thus, more and more people are focusing in this area and if their only goal for the use of technology is on monetary reward, they will do anything to its commercialisation to be even more successful. This includes the addition of elements in the technology itself to allure more people to use it.Unfortunately, those elements sometimes blemish our values as responsible humans. A case in a point would be the advent of bowelless video games (gaming technology) that distort the values of people, especially the teenagers and children. If they are exposed by the wrong principles throughout their stages of life, they will, most likely, not grow to people whom the society wants them to be. Hence, since the use of technology only for financial benefit results in such a case, I believe that it is unacceptable.In conclusion, it is unacceptable if technology is only used for financial benefit because others aspects concerning global welfare are most likely to be neglected. Therefore, a holistic approach should be follow in harnessing the technology, so that multifarious fields in human lives are benefited. Hence, technology is a social product encapsulates the essence in the usage of technology as it should act as a representation of the thorough needs of our society.

Managing Rapport through talk across Cultures Essay

Spencer-Oatey certainly does non neglect the concept of civilisation in her book, the second comp hotshot and only(a)nt of the rather lengthy title, though she concedes that burnish is notoriously difficult to define (Spencer-Oatey, 1). In support of this, she cites some(prenominal) authors have famed that despite a century of efforts to define grow adequately, there was in the early 1990s no agreement among anthropologists regarding its nature, (Apte 1994, p.2001) Due to the ambiguity of the term, Spencer-Oatey (2000, 2) defines coating as a fuzzy set of attitudes, beliefs, bearingal conventions, and basic assumptions and set that argon sh atomic number 18d by a group of volume, and that influence distributively members behavior and his/her interpretations of the marrow of early(a) peoples behavior. This definition opens up the field for several consequents. At peerless point, culture is manifested at incompatible layers of depth, ranging from inner core basic ass umptions and surveys, through satellite core attitudes, beliefs and hearty conventions, to sur locution level behavioral manifestations (Spencer-Oatey, 2).The second issue concerns the sub-surface aspects of culture as influencing peoples behavior and the meanings they themselves attribute to the behavior of separate people, i. e. individual(prenominal)ity. Due to the fact that the members of a pagan group atomic number 18 unlikely to sh atomic number 18 identical sets of attitudes, beliefs and so on, but rather limn family resemblances, (Spencer-Oatey, 2), she puts forth the thesis that there is no absolute set of features that butt joint distinguish definitively one cultural group from another (Spencer-Oatey, 2).This is of course stemming from the thesis that culture is associated with social groups. In the social sciences it is a intermitn that wholly people simultaneously belong to a number of different groups and categories, e. g. ethnic groups, professional groups , gender groups, etc. Another important term now related to culture is the concept of cross-cultural, which for Spencer-Oatey (2000, 3) refers simply to comparative data, i. e. data obtained individually from both different cultural groups. A related term is that of intercultural mutual data obtained when two different cultural groups interact with each other (Spencer-Oatey, 3). The speech component highlighted in the books title itself refers to the counseling of social relations as a specific aspect of communication. Spencer-Oatey goes dressing to the work of earlier authors such as Watzlawick, Beavin and Jackson (1967, as cited in Spencer-Oatey, 1) who had initially proposed that all lecture has a content component and kindred component. In a similar study, Brget and Yule (1983) had identified two briny functions of language the transactional (information-transferring) and the interactional (maintenance of social relationships), with two same goals the coherent and s traight conveying of information (transactional) and communication of friendliness and good will in a comfortable and unthreatening manner (interactional). In both cases, culture definitely plays a signifi understructuret role, and in the two studies it is utilised as an explanatory variable.Attempting to consumption culture as an explanatory variable to banknote for similarities and differences in communication across cultures necessitates appropriate ways to unpackage culture to begin with it could be linked to communication outcomes and operative psychological constructs (Spencer-Oatey, 2000). There are dimensions to cultural unevenness which could be captureed as psychologically comparable among cultures, and these are often utilise as the tools to delineate for the differences. There remains withal a number of problems in the use of cultural-level values to account for variability in communicative behavior across languages and cultural groups.Following Gudykunst (2000, as cited in Spencer-Oatey) cultural level variables, e. g. individualism and collectivism, prove to be wanting(p) if one aims to establish a framework providing causal explanations of social behavior. cultural level variables may have a direct effect on social behaviors through its influence on cultural norms and the rules specific to a dissociateicular(prenominal) culture yet it is important to note that the members of a culture are not socialized in the same way, nor do they need a cultures rules to the same extent.As such, the socialization processes at the individual level clearly play a mediating role in the influence of cultural level variables on social behaviors. With regards to communication, for Spencer-Oatey et al (2000) prosaic variables, i. e. factors influencing how people both produce and interpret communicative behavior, corporation by chance yield important dimensions of cultural variability at the individual level. Of particular interest are two influential aspects of socio-linguistic pragmatics interactional rules (maxims) and contextual factors.The view that it has now become necessary to move beyond a value access code in the conceptualization of culture has merit, and Spencer-Oatey provides the needed empirical illustrations to give strength to the argument of the need to explore new ways of conceptualizing culture. modern development in linguistics suggests two important ways in which culture can have an impact on language use pragmatic maxims, and the conventions of use of a particular language (variety).In illustrating the limits of culture as an explanatory variable, a discussion on politeness possibility is presented. Politeness often refers to the use of relatively formal and differential language (Spencer-Oatey, 2), though as Fraser and Nolan (1981, 96) carefully point out, it is in actuality also a contextual judgment in the sense that no sentence is inherently polite or impolite. it is not the expressions themselves bu t the conditions under which they are used that determine the judgment of politeness. Further more, politeness maxims appear to have universal valences, wherein one pole of a given dimension is always viewed as more desirable than the other (Spencer-Oatey 2000). Yet interestingly, in different cultures and even in different speech contexts at bottom the same culture, there are different points on the continuum that are more favored over others. There is already a remarkable body of work look foring the universal and culture-specific aspects of politeness behaviors available. mob (2000, cited in Spencer-Oatey) conducted a series of analyses contrasting the English and German speak and written conversations over the past two decades. Among the interesting findings is the tendency of German students to use less verbal routines than their English counterparts, which appear to lend credenza to the insight that they are more direct, content-oriented and self-referenced (House, 162). A temporary cultural discrepancy is said to result when participants are unable to retain emotional vestibular sense (House, 2000), i.e. they are overcome by a sense of misconceive and disappointment. frantic reaction for House (2000) is often a major factor obligated for a deterioration of rapport and for the mutual attribution of negative personal traits which, in turn, prevent any recognition of real differences in cultural values and norms. Crucial to Spencer-Oateys work is the concept of rapport vigilance as an analytical framework, of which a detailed discussed is presented in Chapter 2.As several attempts have already been undertaken to create language use universals, the concept of face as a universal tender need and the key motivating force for politeness and rapport management has been proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987, as cited in Spencer-Oatey 2000, 12-13). Two related aspects comprise the face- positive (representing the believe for approval) and negative ( desire for autonomy). Meanwhile, critics such as Matsumoto (1988), Ide and Mao (1994) relegates prime splendour to that of social identity, as illustrated in Chinese and Japanese cultures (as cited in Spencer-Oatey, 67-68).A discourse-processing approach is a powerful analytical tool towards in-depth comprehension of how rapport can be mismanaged across cultures through communication. It involves detailed descriptions of the processes utilized in the end product and comprehension of discourses, as well as illustrations of how misunderstandings can occur mingled with and within cultures. Emphasis is on the discourses invoked by the participants. With regards to communication processes, prime importance is given to how the discourses are socially constructed and then understood and internalized by the participants of the discourse. mismated discourse studies (Spencer-Oatey 2000) in particular, as illustrated by the researches presented in the second part of the book, are of prime i mportance when one aims to explain intercultural misunderstandings. Meanwhile, in a pragmatic transfer approach to the study of intercultural communication, its explanatory power in accounting for intercultural encounters is largely based on existing pragmatic noesis in the communication process (Spencer-Oatey 2000). Pragmatics is the study of the relationships amid linguistic forms and the users of those forms (Yule, 4), i.e. it is principally concerned with the notion of implied meanings. The pragmatic transfer framework draws on the horizon of relevance theory. For one to be able to communicate effectively and competently, one needs to know how to choose the appropriate form and the appropriate meaning in order to avoid inter-cultural pragmatic problems. Related to the first two frameworks, Accommodation Theory nonetheless presents a rather different a priori perspective to account for intercultural discourse.Focus is on the various manner in which speakers themselves can at tune their talk more or less to each other (Spencer-Oatey 2000). Thus though all three frameworks are to some extent concerned with processes involved in communication, in contrast to the other two frameworks there is a strong dynamic aspect to human agency in Accommodation Theory, though the manner and extent wherein one can be accommodating in talking is still within socio-culturally prescribed boundaries.In terms of the merits and weaknesses of methodologies, cross-cultural or comparative studies are very useful in providing a rich array of service line data. However, comparative studies suffer when used for analytical purposes, particularly in providing a comprehensive analytical framework to account for intercultural encounters. As such, the researcher(s) have to go back to and rely on the explanatory power and analytical categorizations provided by theory in order to provide a comprehensive account of the factors influencing performance both in the individual and social levels .We find in Chapter 6, Telephone Conversations in Greek and German Attending to the Relationship grimace of Communication the uses of speech act analysis as a research method of collecting data. It recorded observations concerning the opening and closing sections of conversations in current Greek and German. Analysis involves a comparison between the two groups of their preferences to take in to the relationship aspect of communication, though of course there are significant limitations to the variables that could be studied, i. e.those which could possibly affect the management of rapport as it could not encompass all cultural groups and languages. Different styles and beliefs about argumentation of people in initial encounters, which are still largely facilitated by variables of culture, can have a negative effect on how people measure their initial interaction, as gleaned from Chapter 10s empirical study of the duologue of rapport in Chinese-German conversations. It utilized authentic conversation analysis between Chinese and German students meeting for the first time.Different methodologies have their own strengths and weaknesses, and a triangulation of methods (e. g. use of survey questionnaire and observational field data) is commonly utilized to cover more extensively the nature of the variables under study. A decisive reading of the various inter-cultural studies presented in the book presents one the insight that selection of the appropriate methodology (e. g. conversation analysis, surveys, face-to-face interviews, among others) and analytical framework discourse processing model, pragmatic transfer, accommodation theory, etc. for a research attempt ultimately depends on the nature of the questions being asked and the aims of the research, wherein one has to select the corresponding methodology which would facilitate the gathering of relevant data for analysis. Works Cited Birkner K. & Kern, F. (2000) conceit Management in East and West Germa n Job Interviews 2000 In H. Spencer-Oatey (Ed. ) Culturally speaking Managing rapport through talk across cultures. capital of the United Kingdom Continuum Gudykunst, W. B. (2000). Methodological issues in conducting theory-based cross-cultural research. In H. Spencer-Oatey (Ed.) Culturally speaking Managing rapport through talk across cultures (pp. 293-315). capital of the United Kingdom Continuum. House, J. (2000). Understanding misunderstanding A pragmatic-discourse approach to anaysing mismanaged rapport in talk across cultures. In H. Spencer-Oatey (Ed. ), Culturally speaking Managing rapport through talk across cultures (pp. 146-164). capital of the United Kingdom Continuum. Spencer-Oatey H. ed. (2000) Culturally speaking Managing rapport through talk across cultures (pp. 293-315). London Continuum. Yule, G (1996). Pragmatics. In H. G. Widdowson (ed. ) Oxford introductions to language study. Oxford University Press.

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Essay

m some(prenominal) companies be trying to expand economic whollyy in the market by doing blood line with an individual or a nonher caller-up in opposed countries. These businesses ar engaging in into using indelicate ways of payments that ar leading to secret bribes to the foreign public authoriseds. hostile countries argon non always in accordance with the justicefulnesss and they tend not to follow them. Having these problems with the US and all the millions of dollars that have been passed they wanted to take a more favorable approach and be able to correct the problem.That is when congress decided to offer the overseas Corrupt Practices Act to prosecute foreign companies for corrupt payments inwardly the United States. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a federal lawfulness that was amended in 1977. This law prohibits the United States from bribing foreign officials to secure beneficial contracts(1). A foreign official is de hunky-doryd as any officer or e mployee of the foreign authorities or any department, agency, public multinationalist organization, or any person acting in an official for or behalf any such political sympathies or department, agency, or public international organization (2).The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was implemented for companies from the United States that are managing business in foreign countries to do so without any unethical business practices (3). This federal law consists of two purveys, the anti-bribery and the news report/book and saucer readiness. The first provision consists of the anti-bribery provision in which contracts with enforcing the Department of Justice. The DOJ is peerless of the enforcements for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in which prosecutes the issuers and their officers, employees, agents, and domestic concern all in which are acting in the US (4).The anti-bribery of FCPA prohibits anything that sleep withs with payments or an potential of any payment that obt ains or retains with business. There are three types of improper violations for the anti-bribery provision and they include the issuer, domestic concern, the foreign national and businesses. The issuers are the ones that are registered in the US or are required to file hostage and Exchange Commission. Domestic concern is any person or business that have their place of business in the US or are down the stairs the US law.Lastly, the foreign nationals and business in which deals with corrupt payments that are made in the United States (3). There are likewise the terzetto parties and agents that are as well included and have the same conditions hire to them as they do to the issuer, domestic concern, and the foreign national and businesses. The second provision that is involved with the FCPA is the Accounting provision and that consist of contracts enforcing Securities and Exchange Commission.The SEC enforces the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) by bringing the civil actions a turn inst the issuers and their officers, directors, employees, and agents (4). FCPA has two accounting requirements that are registerkeeping and internal fudges. The recordkeeping is there to ensure that the books, records, and accounts are held at the standards of what the company should be at. This is designed to cover business transactions and accounting control and maintain accuracy with the corporations and their records so that they are limited in violating the FCPA anti-bribery commissariat.The separate requirement is the internal control and that deals with the assurance of transactions are in accordance with the management authorization, the transactions are recorded and prepared for monetary statements and are maintained accountability for assets, the access is only limited to the managements authorization, and the record accountability for the assets is compared with the existing assets at the regular intervals (4).There are received(a) things that gives the FCPA red flags and they consist of a history of corruption in the country, any family relationship between participants and government officials, an unusual pattern in pecuniary arrangements, high commissions, decrease in transparency in expenses and accounting records, overlook of qualifications on the agents part for performing go, and misrepresentation in connection with a proposed transaction (8). Each of these jurisdictions works together to keep aspects of FCPA from being violated. This law is not always prohibiting all payments to the foreign officials.The FCPA has an exception for anti-bribery prohibitions and that is called routine government action. This exception is likewise apt(p) the names facilitating or grease payment. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act de oks this routine government action as for a foreign official to perform in obtaining permits, licenses, or other official documents that enable then to do business in that country, processing government papers s uch as visa and work orders, protection services and conducting inspections, and anything that has corresponding nature (6).The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) has two plausive defenses and they consist of assertion that payment in question was lawful under the laws of the foreign country, and the assertion that the payment was valued a bona fide expenditure (6). This plausive defense is aimed to be for the issuer, domestic concern, or other person. In this positive defense there must be some type of create verbally law authorizing or supporting the payment. The penalties for violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act are different from the provision that they fall under.For an individual and it is from the anti bribery provision that punishment for civil asshole be up to $10,000, the outlaw fine is up to $250,000 or imprisonment for up to five years, the Fines Act can similarly increase twice the gross financial gain or dismissal from the corrupt payment, and the cr iminal fine for the individual cannot be stipendiary directly or indirectly from the company whose behalf the person acted on. The entities a penalty for the anti-bribery provision consist of civil up to $10,000, for criminal fine up to 2 million, and for the Alternative Fine Act is can also increase twice the gain or lose from the corrupt payment.Penalties for the accounting provisions for an individual are civil penalty up to $100,000, criminal fine up to $5 million or tice the gain or loss caused by the violation or imprisonment for up to twenty years. The conk penalty is for entities in the accounting provisions for civil up to $5000,000, criminal fine up to $25 million or twice the gain or loss caused by the violation (5). Statute of limitation and penalties violations is deserving to be a five-year for both the criminal and the civil.As for the criminal it takes dissemble when the statute runs from the date the potential offense was committed (7). This can also be suspende d for up to three years due to mash rules and evidence of an offense in a foreign country (7). In my perspective on FCPA I feel that they have had an impact on the US Commerce. This is so due to the fact of how well they have been enforcing their actions with also the actions for the individuals as well. This also has an affect on the salute of companies that are caseful to the Act.Such things as programs for compliance and conducting internal investigations, the cost of diligence, the subtle cost the companies are having to overcome due to the burdens of their competitors that they dont have to deal with, and the opportunity for businesses overseas. This law gives the companies a way of economic benefits. When it comes to the international train FCPA can be a disadvantage because it keeps the company from engaging certain businesses that could give an advantage to the other company.Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has given the international something similar to the FCPA, and that is called the Anti-Bribery assembly (OECD). This convention is against bribery in international transactions in todays international business environment. The OECD Convention contains an agreement or books and records provision that prohibits the off the books accounts and making inadequate transactions. This also has legal assistance for extradition on bribery offenses.Since other countries have seen the affects that this law has had on companies they to have also tried to instill their own command and enforcement actions. One of them would be the Bribery Act from the United Kingdom. This act is similar to the FCPA and with the anti-bribery regulation (9). The difference between the two is that the Bribery Act does not show enough affirmative defenses and the FCPA allows facilitating payments in which gives more of a out-of-doors interpretation (9).The FCPA has a come up with general guidance of the compliance program to try to design and implement a reduction in the violations of the bribery laws. They want the business to implement this so that they can shut up effectively and promote value in their organization. This law is set to hap and enforce the businesses to make the right choice and to try to stay onward from foreign countries that try to make bribery choices. Over the years FCPA result eventually keep growing into other countries and it will make it harder for the violations to occur.

Lord of the Flies †An Alternative Ending Essay

Ralph looked up. He knew he was imagining things, and that had to stop. He focused on the essential things in life. Pigs. Sharpening sticks. Killing. Ralph stood and, set with a determination to supply his desires, he exited the cave. He had been living in the cave for the past month. there was nothing left on his corpse save for a loincloth and markings on his body. He had been assorted from the other people since disc overing the power. The power to scratch off the remaining survivors.Ralph walked down to the beach. The palm trees and sandy beaches were once a seaport to the boys. Once. none they were solely obstacles in a war for both sides. Since Simon had died, and shoat had disappeared, the hunters were fighting a war against Ralph. But luckily, none of the boys had been brave decent to kill Ralph ever since that fateful night. Ralph closed his eyes and let his memories portion let out over.*****It was dark that night. The boys had given up assay to chase down Ral ph. Ralph had retire to a cave, simply he was too impatient to wait savings bank the morning. He wanted to try to persuade the Hunters to change their allegiances to him. He was walk towards the sandy beach towards the argumenty outcrop, taking his time, anything to delay persuading the hunters. His new imbed moral sense was urging him along.Go, Ralph You might never get another demote like thisNo Ralph criedThe scruples retorted, What happened if you were bullied by a boy? Would you go confront the boy, or run away like a coward?This is different These are boys, humans, like me yelped Ralph.Just do it. Get it over with. The scruples insisted.Ralph considered, 5 minutes only.When he reached the rocky outcrop, Ralph decided to climb up the steep and potentially hurtful rock in secret for maintenance that the hunters would see him and not allow Ralph up to discuss matters. As he climbed to the top, the rock he was reaching for suddenly came loose and gravity took hold. Ralph prayed that the rock that hit the bottom wouldnt make a sound. Luckily, it hit the waves and was dragged out by the tide.As Ralph struggled over the top, he saw 5 spears pointed at him, like deadly stakes.Why are you here? spat a savage.I need to talk to all of you gasped Ralph, tired from climbing up the rock.Get lost We dont need to talk to you. You and us pay nothing to do with each other snarled a savage. Roger, Ralph guessed from the intensity of the words.It concerns nearly being rescued. Ralph said with the ferocity of being a leader.How bout we just kill you?Because I want to speak with knucklebones Ralph said the last three words ferociously, hurling himself over the edge.What do you want? spoke a quiet, bored voice from the darkness.I have come to offer a treatyGet out.Ralphs anger, execration and bitter emotions flowed out of his body in a rush of fury. No. he spoke with hatred about Piggy.Get out forward I kill you roared Jack.thump.thump.thump.Ignore th- screamed the conscience.The savages jeered Well just roast you on a spit, just like a pigthump.Thump.THUMP.KILL THEM shrieked the conscience with a sheer overwhelming force of hatred and cunning.Suddenly, Roger lunged for Ralph.Without warning, Ralphs pass came up and found them on Rogers throat.Ralph could feel this reborn conscience taking over his body and his mind. He was powerless to do anything or stop his hands. He felt the conscience growing bigger, and making him weaker. Soon, he was the conscience, and vice versa.STOP Ralph screeched, Youre meant to be my conscience, not take it overThe conscience laughed Too late, Ralph. You missed your chance. What goes around, comes around.With a growing sense of horror, Ralph was watching, finished his own eyes, the terror that unfolded. He felt the conscience becoming more(prenominal) and more confident, and he closed his hand on the neck. Of course, Roger struggled, however, he was no match for somebody who was strangling him with two ha nds. After a few seconds, Roger stopped moving. Subsequently, everybody in the vicinity could hear a sharp snap. Suddenly, scourge broke out. Everybody but Ralph and Roger started screaming, and all of them were in a frenzy trying to escape from the monster that had become Ralph. The horror of killing something worse than just a pig, about killing Roger simply for absolutely no reason, or that Ralph was always the one to uphold justice but was practicing otherwise.Feeling the slant gushing down his hands, the screams of the littleuns and biguns, the feeling of a cold hard body in his hands. His heart beat faster and faster, and he screamed. His head spun and he dry heaved. He was becoming more and more nauseated as he plummeted into the abyss. Claws grabbed him from below and tried to rip his skin. Blood materialized in his vision, but it wasnt Ralphs it was Rogers blood. He felt a searing suffering on his arms and his head hurt so much*****Ralph sorely opened his eyes. He was nt used to the amount of sunlight on his face not anymore. He climbed up the rock leading to the savages hideout, heart on inflicting pain onto them, not caring about being rescued, about the honor of the fire, or the conch. For he, had become the Beast.